Misunderstanding of multiculturalism: Shouting fire in crowded theaters.

Comments on B. J. Fowers and F. C. Richardson's (see record 83-30335) article on the psychological construct of multiculturalism. It is stressed that the multicultural agenda is to stop imposing any one group's cultural values on all others, whether Eurocentric or not. The existence of separatist movements within multiculturalism should not be surprising, given a cultural context that has often been hostile to persons of color. The intercultural dialog that Fowers and Richardson advocate may be difficult to accomplish if are assumed to not desire a dialog. The interactions between the majority culture and multiculturalism have been primarily a majority monolog. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sequence comparison of the ARG4 chromosomal regions from the two related yeasts,Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces douglasii

A 3·6 kb DNA fragment from Saccharomyces douglasii, containing the ARG4 gene, has been cloned, sequenced and compared to the corresponding region from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The organization of this region is identical in both yeasts. It contains besides the ARG4 gene, another complete open reading frame (ORF) (YSD83) and a third incomplete one (DED81). The ARG4 and the YSD83 coding regions differ from their S. cerevisiae homologs by 8.1% and 12·5%, respectively, of base substitutions. The encoded proteins have evolved differently: amino acid replacements are significantly less frequent in Arg4 (2·8%) than in Ysc83 (12·4%) and most of the changes in Arg4 are conservative, which is not the case for Ysc83. The non-coding regions are less conserved, with small AT-rich insertions/deletions and 20% base substitutions. However, the level of divergence is smaller in the aligned sequences of these regions than in silent sites of the ORFs, probably revealing a higher degree of constraints. The Gcn4 binding site and the region where meiotic double-strand breaks occur, are fully conserved. The data confirm that these two yeasts are evolutionarily closely related and that comparisons of their sequences might reveal conserved protein and DNA domains not expected to be found in sequence comparisons between more diverged organisms.     

Cognitive/behavioural formulations of depression and gender prevalence rates: Integration or expulsion?

Comments on J. M. Stoppard's (see record 1989-29654-001) discussion of the adequacy of cognitive/behavioral theories for understanding depression in women. The author suggests that within the problem-solving formulation of depression, 3 variables account for differences in prevalence between men and women: problem solving coping, experienced stress, and the problem solving?×?stress interaction. (0 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reasoning about responsibilities and obligations in close relationships: A comparison across two cultures.

The study compares sociomoral reasoning of children and adolescents in Iceland, longitudinally assessed at ages 7, 9, 12, and 15 years (N?=?97), and in China, cross-sectionally assessed at corresponding ages (N?=?350). Participants reasoned about choices, motives, and moral justifications of a protagonist in a sociomoral dilemma. The dilemma allows persons to focus on different concerns (e.g., promise keeping or close friendship vs. self-interest or altruism toward a 3rd person). Overall, Icelandic participants referred more often to self-interest and contractual concerns, whereas Chinese participants focused on altruistic and relationship concerns. However, some cultural differences remained stable over time, whereas others decreased. In adolescence, close friendship became an equally important value in both cultures. The results indicate a complex interaction of culture and development in sociomoral reasoning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

130nm/90nm新工艺开发用的铜CMP阻挡层浆料系统

IntroductionThe process development of copper/low-K backends is unique in the semiconductor industry. Thereare a substantial number of alternative integrationapproaches to the dual damascene copper processthat incorporates a low-K dielectric. With the multi-plicity of integration approaches and materials, therequirements on the CMP processes are highly spe-cific to each integration scheme, in particular forwhat is labeled the second step, or copper barrierCMP step.Because of the unique r…     

Influence of functional impairment and social support on depressive symptoms in persons with diabetes.

Tested the hypothesis that, among patients with higher levels of illness-related impairment, adequate social support would act as a buffer against depression. 158 Ss (aged 17–78 yrs) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus completed the Beck Depression Inventory, a health status measure, and 2 measures of social support. Depressive symptoms correlated positively with functional impairment and negatively with adequacy of social support. In addition, social support moderated depression in the face of greater impairment such that, among Ss who reported the most illness-related functional disabilities, adequate support provided a relative protection from depression. Individuals with inadequate support seem to be most at risk for depression when disability related to illness increases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Development of a Process to Measure Ozone Concentration in Processing Water at the Point of Product Application

Ozone is an effective sanitizing agent against a broad spectrum of pathogenic and spoilage organisms. Optimization of treatment applications of ozonated water is needed for increased use in the food industry. An experimental apparatus and process has been developed to digitally measure ozone concentrations in processing water at the point of product application. Two application methods were evaluated. Effects of locally available water quality and water temperature on the ozone concentrations produced were determined. Rapid measurement of ozone concentration at the product application will facilitate the investigation of improved product quality in shrimp.     

Spectral-Temporal Classification Using Vegetation Phenology

In this paper we describe a multitemporal classification procedure for crops in Landsat scenes. The method involves the creation of crop signatures which characterize multispectral observations as functions of phenological growth states. The phenological signature models spectral reflectance explicitly as a function of crop maturity rather than a function of date. This means that instead of stacking spectral vectors of one observation on another, as is usually done for multitemporal data, for each possible crop category a correspondence of time to growth state is established which minimizes the smallest difference between the given multispectral multitemporal vector and the category mean vector indexed by growth state. The results of applying it to winter wheat show that the method is capable of discrimination with about the same degree of accuracy as more traditional multitemporal classifiers. It shows some potential to label degree of maturity of the crop without crop condition information in the training set.     

Characterization of planar waveguides obtained by proton exchange in lithium iodate

Due to its non-linear optical properties, lithium iodate is commonly used in optical devices. By proton exchange, performed by immersing z-cuts LiIO₃ single crystals in a molten hydrated nitrate salt, we formed a solid solution Li_1−xH_xIO₃ layer close to the surface. This modification of the structure increases the refractive index so that a waveguide is created. The index profile obtained by m-lines spectroscopy combined with structure characterization by μ-Raman and X-ray diffraction experiments allows us to describe the diffusion process of hydrogen in LiIO₃.