Zeitschriftenreferate

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Allgemeine Bestandteile der Nahrungs- und Genu?mittel

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Wein

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Protein-Dialdehyde Starch Glue for Birch Type II Plywood

A hot-press, protein-dialdehyde starch glue was used experimentally to prepare plywood from yellow birch veneers. Gluing conditions were similar to those that were previously effective for bonding southern pine veneers to form interior-type plywood test panels. Yellow birch plywood produced under the conditions so developed met the performance requirements for Type II hardwood plywood. The excellent tack that was obtained with cold-pressed panels would allow prepressing in mill operations. Further-more, yellow birch and southern pine veneers were sufficiently compatible with this moderately alkaline glue to permit mixing these species in the same plywood construction. Bleedthrough of glue was not observed in plywood panels having 1/26-in. birch face veneers. Results indicate that the protein-dialdehyde starch glue should be useful in the manufacture of birch Type II plywood.     

一种连续处理纤维材料的常压等离子体设备

常压下用等离子体来处理材料,使其表面能增强,对材料进行消毒、清洁等比真空等离子体技术有优势,为研究应用该技术,在实验室中开发了一套在常压下用空气做原料连续处理材料的等离体子体设备。试制了几种不同的电极结构,以使其产生均匀的等离子体,最后确定采用旋转轮做接地电极,铜平板做高压高频电极,耐热玻璃做绝缘介质的等离子体产生结构。试验了几种不同的绝缘材料做阻挡介质后综合考虑采用耐热玻璃做阻挡介质,并比较了产生的等离子体以及对材料的处理结果,证实经过等离子体处理之后材料的表面能大大增强。     

Clickable poly(ionic liquid)s for modification of glass and silicon surfaces

Covalent attachment of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) by click chemistry on glass or silicon (Si) surfaces was performed. Poly[1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide] (polyVBBI⁺Tf₂N⁻), and copolymers of polyVBBI⁺Tf₂N⁻ with fluorescein O-methacrylate were synthesized by conducting an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from initiators containing azide or thioacetate groups. The azide- and thiol-terminated PILs were then successfully grafted onto alkyne and alkene modified glass/Si wafers by thermal azide–alkyne cycloaddition and photoinitiated thiol-ene click reactions, respectively. The modified surfaces were characterized by contact angle measurements and ellipsometry. The fluorescent PIL functionalized surfaces showed strong fluorescence under UV irradiation. This procedure of tethering PILs to substrates also provides an easy way to change the surface hydrophilicity by replacing the anions in the grafted PILs. The present approach could be readily applied for surface modifications with other types of PILs or their copolymers to achieve different functionalities on various surfaces.     

Purified Butanol from Lignocellulose – Solvent-Impregnated Resins for an Integrated Selective Removal

In traditional microbial biobutanol production, the solvent must be recovered during fermentation process for a sufficient space-time yield. Thermal separation is not feasible due to the boiling point of n-butanol. As an integrated and selective solid-liquid separation alternative, solvent impregnated resins (SIRs) were applied. Two polymeric resins were evaluated and an extractant screening was conducted. Vacuum application with vapor collection in fixed-bed column as bioreactor bypass was successfully implemented as butanol desorption step. In course of further increasing process economics, fermentation with renewable lignocellulosic substrates was conducted using Clostridium acetobutylicum. Utilization of SIR was shown to be a potential strategy for solvent removal from fermentation broth, while application of a bypass column allows for product removal and recovery at once.