全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3779篇 |
免费 | 25篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 20篇 |
综合类 | 12篇 |
化学工业 | 159篇 |
金属工艺 | 24篇 |
机械仪表 | 20篇 |
建筑科学 | 32篇 |
矿业工程 | 4篇 |
能源动力 | 17篇 |
轻工业 | 118篇 |
水利工程 | 12篇 |
石油天然气 | 4篇 |
无线电 | 52篇 |
一般工业技术 | 101篇 |
冶金工业 | 3134篇 |
原子能技术 | 5篇 |
自动化技术 | 103篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 20篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 66篇 |
2012年 | 33篇 |
2011年 | 39篇 |
2010年 | 46篇 |
2009年 | 51篇 |
2008年 | 31篇 |
2007年 | 28篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 25篇 |
2004年 | 16篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 105篇 |
1998年 | 975篇 |
1997年 | 588篇 |
1996年 | 362篇 |
1995年 | 179篇 |
1994年 | 155篇 |
1993年 | 215篇 |
1992年 | 31篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 24篇 |
1989年 | 19篇 |
1988年 | 23篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 25篇 |
1981年 | 22篇 |
1980年 | 30篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 101篇 |
1976年 | 214篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 6篇 |
1968年 | 7篇 |
1955年 | 6篇 |
1951年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有3817条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
M Amano N Baumgarth MD Dick L Brossay M Kronenberg LA Herzenberg S Strober 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,161(4):1710-1717
We have used multicolor FACS analysis, immunohistology, and functional assays to study the expression of CD1 on B cell subsets from normal and beta 2m-/- mice. Two B cell subpopulations were identified that express high levels of CD1 in normal mice: splenic marginal zone B cells (IgMhigh IgDlow CD21high CD24intermediate CD23- CD43-) and a newly identified subpopulation of follicular B cells. The latter cells are unusual, because they are IgDhigh CD23+, like follicular B cells, but express high levels of CD21 and IgM, an expression pattern that is associated with marginal zone B cells. Therefore, the high-level expression of CD1 and CD21 was found to be closely associated on splenic B cells. Immunohistology confirmed the expression of CD1 on marginal zone B cells and on clusters of B cells in splenic follicles. Both the high-level CD1 expression by these cells and the low-level CD1 expression by subpopulations of B cells in the spleen, lymph node, peritoneal cavity, and bone marrow were markedly reduced in beta 2m-/- mice. Despite this, a CD1-restricted T cell clone proliferated vigorously in response to LPS-activated spleen cells that had been obtained from both beta 2m-/- and wild-type mice. This response was inhibited by the 3C11 anti-CD1 mAb. These results show the heterogeneity of B cell subsets in their expression of the beta 2m-dependent form of CD1. They further suggest that a beta 2m-independent form of CD1 is expressed on B cells that can stimulate T cells; however, this form is not easily visualized with the anti-CD1 mAb used here. 相似文献
52.
The present study characterised seven species of the Chabertiidae (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) belonging to either the subfamily Oesophagostominae (Oesophagostomum radiatum, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Oesophagostomum bifurcum) or to the subfamily Chabertiinae (Chabertia ovina) by their second internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence, assessed the extent of intraspecific variation and interspecific differences in the sequence, and inferred the phylogenetic relationship of C. ovina with respect to members of the Oesophagostominae. In both the phenetic and cladistic analyses of the sequence data, Chabertia was nested within Oesophagostomum, suggesting either that the species examined represent members of the same genus, or alternatively, that Oesophagostomum may represent more than one genus. 相似文献
53.
The most common chromosomal aberrations in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are complete or partial loss of chromosomes 5 and 7, and trisomy 8. To identify genes important in the pathogenesis of this disease that could be associated with these gross chromosomal defects, we have employed the differential display PCR (DDPCR) procedure developed by Liang and Pardee. This method allows simultaneous comparison of several cDNA sources for the presence of differentially expressed genes. Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) from two MDS patients, containing a 5q deletion or a trisomy 8, and three healthy controls were used. Initial screening resulted in the identification of five and three partial cDNA sequences, respectively that were either differentially expressed in both patient samples or in individual patients, as compared with the controls. The authenticity of aberrant expression was verified by reanalyzing the same primer combinations on newly prepared cDNA. Differential expression of the three remaining fragments was subsequently checked on a larger panel of MDS patients, using amplicon-specific primer sets. These were obtained by cloning and sequencing of the fragments. For one partial cDNA (DC3), the original expression pattern, i.e., decreased expression in individual MDS patients, was confirmed. These results demonstrate the utility of the DDPCR procedure to isolate differentially expressed sequences in primary patient samples where the availability of cells is a limiting factor. 相似文献
54.
55.
Jeffrey A. Conner M.S. William B. Connor M.S. 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》1994,46(12):35-38
Environmentally protective coatings are used on a wide range of gas turbine components for survival in the harsh operating conditions of engines. A host of coatings are commercially available to protect hot-section components, ranging from simple aluminides to designer metallic overlays and ceramic thermal barrier coatings. A variety of coating-application processes are available, and they range from simple pack cementation processing to complex physical vapor deposition, which requires multimillion dollar facilities. Detailed databases are available for most coatings and coating/process combinations for a range of laboratory tests. Still, the analysis of components actually used in engines often yields surprises when compared against predicted coating behavior from laboratory testing. This paper highlights recent work to develop new laboratory tests that better simulate engine environments. Comparison of in-flight coating performance as well as industrial and factory engine testing on a range of hardware is presented along with laboratory predictions from standard testing and from recently developed cyclic burner-rig testing. 相似文献
56.
57.
The noncatalytic beta-subunit is responsible for the latency of casein kinase 2 (CK2) activity toward calmodulin. Twenty-one mutants of the beta-subunit bearing either deletions or Ala substitutions for charged residues in the 5-6, 55-70, and 171-178 sequences have been assayed for their ability to substitute for wild-type beta-subunit as a suppressor of activity toward calmodulin. The only mutations that reduced the ability of the beta-subunit to suppress calmodulin phosphorylation activity, though being compatible with normal reconstitution of CK2 holoenzyme, were those affecting Asp55, Glu57 and the whole triplet Glu59-Asp-Glu61. The activity of CK2 holoenzyme, either native or reconstituted, toward calmodulin can be elicited by a variety of polybasic effectors, including polylysine, polyarginine, salmine, and histones H4, H3, and, to a lesser extent, H2a and H2b. Histone H1 and polyamines are conversely ineffective. The latent "calmodulin kinase" activity of CK2 can also be specifically unmasked by a peptide (alpha[66-86]) reproducing a basic insert of the catalytic subunit. This effect is reversed by equimolar addition of a peptide (beta[55-71]) including the 55-64 acidic stretch of the beta-subunit. Comparable polylysine stimulation was observed with the holoenzymes reconstituted with either beta wt or the beta mutants capable of assembling with the alpha-subunit, with the notable exception of those bearing Ala substitutions for acidic residues at positions 55, 57, and 59-61. These were nearly insensitive to 42 nM polylysine, which conversely promotes a more than 10-fold increase of calmodulin phosphorylation with wild-type beta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
58.
We have reported that acute cardiac allograft rejection is associated with increased numbers of donor-reactive helper T lymphocytes (HTL) in the peripheral blood of patients. Further, increased frequencies of circulating donor-reactive HTL may predict allograft rejection episodes diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy. The present study evaluates the relationship between donor-reactive HTL and allograft "acceptance" in cardiac transplant recipients bearing long-term allografts (> 1 year). Patients were categorized as either long-term acceptors or persistent rejecters based on the number of rejection episodes and the ability to withdraw steroid therapy. Limiting dilution analysis for IL-2-producing HTL was utilized, with cadaver donor splenocytes as a source of donor alloantigens. Donor-reactive HTL frequencies were determined from peripheral blood samples obtained before transplant, and at 1 month and 1 year after transplant. Individuals who accommodated their allografts and were withdrawn from steroid therapy had reduced numbers of donor-reactive HTL at 1 year after transplant as compared with earlier time points. Further, PBMC obtained from these individuals at 1 year after transplant responded weakly to donor alloantigens in a mixed lymphocyte response (MLR). This relationship between donor-reactive HTL and allograft accommodation was exemplified in a cardiac/liver transplant patient who was diagnosed with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and removed from all immunosuppression. No subsequent rejection episodes were diagnosed. Donor-reactive HTL were not detectable and this individual failed to mount an MLR to donor alloantigens. However, a vigorous donor-reactive response was observed when MLR cultures were supplemented with exogenous IL-2. Therefore, nonresponsiveness to the allograft appeared to be due to a deficit in IL-2 production. In contrast, patients who experienced persistent rejection episodes and required continued steroid therapy maintained large numbers of donor-reactive HTL at 1 year after transplant. PBMC from these individuals responded vigorously to donor alloantigens in an MLR. Hence, monitoring donor-reactive HTL may identify individuals who have accommodated their graft and may tolerate a reduction in immunosuppression. 相似文献
59.
60.
LR Connor 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,5(4):74-89
Health care executives across the country, faced with intense competition, are being forced to consider drastic cost cutting measures as a matter of survival. The entire health care industry is under siege from boards of directors, management and others who encourage health care systems to take actions ranging from strategic acquisitions and mergers to simple "downsizing" or "rightsizing," to improve their perceived competitive positions in terms of costs, revenues and market share. In some cases, management is poorly prepared to work within this new competitive paradigm and turns to consultants who promise that following their methodologies can result in competitive advantage. One favored methodology is reengineering. Frequently, cost cutting attention is focused on the materials management budget because it is relatively large and is viewed as being comprised mostly of controllable expenses. Also, materials management is seldom considered a core competency for the health care system and the organization performing these activities does not occupy a strongly defensible position. This paper focuses on the application of a reengineering methodology to healthcare materials management. 相似文献