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41.
We consider the problem of generating a large state-space in a distributed fashion. Unlike previously proposed solutions that partition the set of reachable states according to a hashing function provided by the user, we explore heuristic methods that completely automate the process. The first step is an initial random walk through the state space to initialize a search tree, duplicated in each processor. Then, the reachability graph is built in a distributed way, using the search tree to assign each newly found state to classes assigned to the available processors. Furthermore, we explore two remapping criteria that attempt to balance memory usage or future workload, respectively. We show how the cost of computing the global snapshot required for remapping will scale up for system sizes in the foreseeable future. An extensive set of results is presented to support our conclusions that remapping is extremely beneficial. 相似文献
42.
We have used Path Integral Monte Carlo to study the surface melting of molecular hydrogen. Density profiles perpendicular and parallel to the bare H2 surface are computed showing the formation of a liquid adlayer at 6 K, less than half the bulk melting temperature of para-hydrogen, 13.8 K. To estimate the onset temperature and depth of H2 surface melting we determine the static structure factor within the individual H2-layers for wave vectors in the plane and find no crystalline order down to 3 K in a partially filled H2 adlayer at the free surface. We find quantum effects amplify the melting point depression at the free H2 surface compared to bulk by a factor of five over classical Lennard-Jones solids and find that the zero-point fluctuations of molecules at the surface are much enhanced over their bulk values. We see vacancy formation in the solid before melting. 相似文献
43.
The role of MHC class II in the presentation of Heligmosomoides polygyrus antigens has been investigated, using a number of T cell hybridomas produced in A and E positive and negative mice. By using fixed and irradiated antigen presenting cells (APC), further evidence has emerged, to support earlier data, that there can be differential processing requirements during the presentation of H. polygyrus antigens by A and E molecules. In concordance with these earlier observations, this work provides further evidence than individual T cells can respond to antigen when presented by more than one MHC molecule. Previously, this evidence has been restricted to individual MHC molecules of the same haplotype, but these data show that H. polygyrus produces antigens which can be presented by both syngeneic and allogeneic MHC molecules. These antigens do not appear to be synonymous with the previously described H. polygyrus superantigen, as presentation is restricted to specific MHC haplotypes. It is proposed that H. polygyrus may produce these antigenic molecules as part of its strategy to manipulate the host immune system. 相似文献
44.
Amanda LaCoste Karen M. Schaich David Zumbrunnen Kit L. Yam 《Packaging Technology and Science》2005,18(2):77-87
Researchers from Rutgers University and Clemson University have collaborated to develop a concept of using smart blending to generate functional packaging films for the controlled release of active compounds such as antimicrobials, antioxidants and flavour compounds to extend the shelf‐life of food. In this paper, literature results are reviewed to justify the significance of controlled release packaging (CRP) and the research gaps for further development are identified. A major research gap is the lack of packaging materials that can provide the release of active compounds at rates suitable for a wide range of food packaging applications. Smart blending is a promising technology for bridging this research gap. To fully realize the potentials of smart blending, a systematic approach for developing CRP using smart blending is also presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
45.
Repetitive processes are a distinct class of 2D systems (i.e. information propagation in two independent directions) of both systems theoretic and applications interest. They cannot be controlled by direct extension of existing techniques from either standard (termed 1D here) or 2D systems theory. In this paper, we exploit their unique physical structure to show how two term, i.e. proportional plus integral (or PI) action, can be used to control these processes to produce desired behavior (as opposed to just stability). 相似文献
46.
47.
Non-redundant data clustering 总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0
Data clustering is a popular approach for automatically finding classes, concepts, or groups of patterns. In practice, this
discovery process should avoid redundancies with existing knowledge about class structures or groupings, and reveal novel,
previously unknown aspects of the data. In order to deal with this problem, we present an extension of the information bottleneck
framework, called coordinated conditional information bottleneck, which takes negative relevance information into account by maximizing a conditional mutual information score subject to
constraints. Algorithmically, one can apply an alternating optimization scheme that can be used in conjunction with different
types of numeric and non-numeric attributes. We discuss extensions of the technique to the tasks of semi-supervised classification
and enumeration of successive non-redundant clusterings. We present experimental results for applications in text mining and
computer vision. 相似文献
48.
The local chemistry and structure of α-iron/molybdenum nitride heterophase interfaces is studied on a subnanometer scale by atom-probe field-ion microscopy (APFIM),
three-dimensional atom-probe microscopy (3DAPM) and both conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) and highresolution
electron microscopy (HREM). Molybdenum nitride precipitates are generated by annealing Fe-2 at. pct Mo-X, where X=0.4 at.
pct Sb or 0.5 at. pct Sn, at 550 °C or 600 °C, in an ammonia/hydrogen mixture. Internal nitridation at 550 °C produces thin,
coherent platelet-shaped molybdenum nitride precipitates. Nitridation at 600 °C generates a much coarser structure with semicoherent
thick plate-shaped and spheroidal precipitates in addition to the thin-platelet structure. The APFIM and 3DAPM analyses of
the heterophase interfaces show substantial segregation of the solute species Sn and Sb only at the coarse precipitates, with
Gibbsian interfacial excesses of up to 7±3 nm−2, whereas the broad faces of the thin platelets have no detectable segregation. The TEM and HREM analyses show that the coarse
precipitates are semicoherent, whereas the thin platelets are either coherent or have much fewer misfit dislocations than
geometrically necessary. This demonstrates that Sn and Sb segregation is related to the presence of misfit dislocations at
the interfaces of the coarse precipitates.
This article is based on a presentation made at the symposium entitled “The Mechanisms of the Massive Transformation,” a part
of the Fall 2000 TMS Meeting held October 16–19, 2000, in St. Louis, Missouri, under the auspices of the ASM Phase Transformations
Committee. 相似文献
49.
Dicyanate Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (semi IPNs) are made by dissolving a thermoplastic in crosslinking dicyanates and then curing the resulting mixture. The semi IPNs produced are strong, with tensile strengths of 10,000 to 12,000 psi, and flexible, with elongations to break of 10 to 17 percent. Dicyanate semi IPNs also have good thermal stability and the softening temperatures of the IPNs are significantly, higher than those of the corresponding thermoplastics. 相似文献
50.
Howard Kenneth I.; Krause Merton S.; Orlinsky David E. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1986,54(1):106
Presents an analysis of the attrition dilemma in psychotherapy research and reviews the methods used to compensate for data loss. It is argued that attrition is not ultimately a problem of bias but a problem of lack of information. A reformulation is offered that integrates single-case studies with traditional group comparison methodology in an attempt to find optimal causal relations of treatments to outcomes. (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献