The National Cancer Data Base report on the relationship of race and national origin to the histology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

This study was undertaken to clarify several aspects of morphological and taxonomic characters of Physaloptera bispiculata Vaz and Pereira, 1935, a parasite of the water rat, Nectomys squamipes. The cephalic structures (including lips, papillae, teeth, amphids, and porous areas) and details of the posterior end of male and female adult worms were examined by scanning electron microscopy, leading to the addition of new taxonomic characters for this species. We consider P. bispiculata a valid species, based on a comparative analysis of the specific characters for P. bispiculata and P. getula Seurat, 1917, including the morphology and morphometry of body structures as well as number and disposition of caudal papillae of the males.     

Lens transmission by fluorophotometry after brachytherapy and thermotherapy of choroidal melanoma

We studied the effect of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) by a diode laser at 810 nm combined with episcleral ruthenium-106 plaque treatment (106Ru) on lens transparency in patients with choroidal melanoma. Lens transmission of blue-green light was measured by fluorophotometry in 17 patients treated with 106Ru treatment and TTT (measured 0.36 years after treatment), 12 patients treated with 106Ru alone (measured 19 years after treatment) and 25 age-matched healthy controls. Differences in lens transmission were not significant between treated and untreated fellow eyes (p > 0.15) nor between patient and control eyes (p > 0.25). TTT of choroidal melanoma combined with 106Ru plaque irradiation did not have a significant effect on the lens transparency up to 6 years after treatment.     

Developmental fates and migratory pathways of dividing progenitors in the postnatal rat cerebellum

To investigate the developmental fates and the migratory pathways of dividing progenitors in both the white matter (WM) and the external granule layer (EGL) in the early postnatal rat cerebellum, a replication-deficient retrovirus carrying the beta-galactosidase gene (BAG) was injected into the deep cerebellar tissue or the EGL of postnatal rats to label dividing progenitors. After 1-3 days post-injection (1-3 dpi) of BAG into the deep cerebellar tissue of postnatal day 4/5 (P4/5) rats, labeled immature, unipolar cells were found mainly in the WM. From 4 to 6 dpi, similar cells appeared in the internal granule (IGL), Purkinje cell, and molecular layers, although about half of the labeled cells still resided in the WM and appeared immature. The first morphologically definable Bergmann glia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes were also observed. From 14 to 20 dpi, most labeled cells had developed into Bergmann glia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and interneurons in their appropriate layers. When BAG injections were performed at P14, unipolar cells were initially observed, but the majority of these differentiated into myelinating oligodendrocytes in the WM and IGL by 17 dpi. Few immature cells were labeled by injections administered at P20, and these did not develop into mature glia, but into cells with lacy, fine processes, possible representing immature oligodendrocytes. In contrast, BAG-labeled progenitors of EGL produced only granule neurons. Thus, within the first 2 postnatal weeks, dividing progenitors in the WM migrate as immature cells into the cortex before differentiating into a variety of glia and interneurons. The genesis of oligodendrocytes continues through the 2nd postnatal week and largely ceases by P20. EGL cells do not produce glia, but only granule cells.     

The 9E3/CEF4 gene product is a chemotactic and angiogenic factor that can initiate the wound-healing cascade in vivo

The chicken gene 9E3/CEF4 codes for a 9-kDa protein that belongs to the C-X-C family of chemokines. This gene is stimulated to high levels by thrombin, and is overexpressed in the granulation tissue of wounds, especially in areas of neovascularization, suggesting that it is importantly involved in wound healing. The authors used the Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay to examine experimentally the functions of the 9E3 chemokine in vivo. It was shown that at lower doses this protein is chemotactic for monocyte/macrophages and lymphocytes (but not heterophils), and directly or indirectly stimulates the growth of blood vessels towards the pellet containing the protein, causes hyperproliferation of the ectoderm of the CAM, and formation of a tissue that resembles the granulation tissue of wounds. At higher doses, however, it does not stimulate chemotaxis of leukocytes but instead causes the blood vessels of the CAM to undergo sprouting. It was also shown that this protein is found in the endothelial cells of developing blood vessels but not in those of mature blood vessels and that, in the latter, expression can be stimulated by application of agents that cause inflammation or are known to be angiogenic. Because the product of the 9E3 gene has chemotactic and angiogenic properties, it is proposed that it be called the chicken Chemotactic and Angiogenic Factor (cCAF). These observations show that in the absence of wounding, cCAF, by itself, can initiate a complex series of events that strongly resemble those involved in the immune response and granulation tissue formation, suggesting an important role for this and related chemokines in wound healing. Although this chemokine belongs to the C-X-C family it can perform functions of both the C-C (chemotaxis for monocyte/macrophages and lymphocytes) and C-X-C (angiogenesis) families, suggesting that this could be the first of a functionally broader family of chemokines which would be generated as a response to emergency situations.     

Group cognitive-behavioral treatment of binge eating disorder: a comparison of therapist-led versus self-help formats

A new enzymatic assay for selectively measuring conjugated bilirubin concentration in serum with use of bilirubin oxidase (BOD) has been developed. At pH 5.5 BOD can oxidize only conjugated bilirubin in the presence of reagents such as sodium fluoride and N-acetylcysteine which can decrease BOD reactivity to unconjugated bilirubin and bilirubin covalently bound to albumin (delta bilirubin). The resulting decrease in absorbance at 450 nm is linearly related to the concentration of conjugated bilirubin in serum. The BOD in this new assay was confirmed to oxidize conjugated bilirubin, and neither unconjugated nor delta bilirubin, based on both its reactivity to unconjugated bilirubin and HPLC results. This assay was found to give satisfactory results, such as in terms of the range of measurement, the reproducibility of the results, the lack of interference with coexisting substances in serum and the stability of the reagent solutions, in practical applications. The serum conjugated bilirubin concentrations determined using this assay correlate well with those determined by the HPLC analysis. This assay can be used for accurate monitoring of changes in the conjugated bilirubin concentration in patient sera. These findings suggest that the conjugated bilirubin assay is useful for fractional determination of bilirubin in icteric sera.     

Octoxynol presence in bear-bile

The presence of octoxynol from dried bear-bile was examined. Octoxynol was coextracted when glycolipids by Folch-Suzuki partition method. Octoxynol formed mixed-micelles with glycosphingolipids. The glycolipids were purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography. The fractions containing mixed micelles were obtained from linear gradient solvent of 0.05M-0.5M ammonium acetate in methanol. HPLC ( Bondapak-NH(2) - linked to a Bondapak-C(18) column) chromatogram showed five peaks. Two possible structures for the fourth peak fraction were proposed as (CH(3))(3)C-CH(2)-C(CH(3))(2)-C(6)H(4)-OR and (CH(3))(3)C-C(CH(3))(2)-CH(2)-C(6)H(4)-OR by NMR spectroscopy. The structure was further confirmed by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI MS/MS). The spectrum showed a protonated molecule at m/z 559 and three different series of ions with mass difference of 44 were detected in the MS/MS spectrum. Therefore, the structure of the fourth peak fraction from HPLC was confirmed as octoxynol, (CH(3))(3)C-CH(2)-C(CH(3))(2)-C(6)H(4)-(OCH(2)-CH(2))n-OH, based on mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy.