苏州新区城市污水处理厂的生态足迹分析

生态足迹分析法能定量揭示污水厂的生态状况.文章以苏州新区城市污水厂的处理工艺和运行数据为例,分析计算了该厂能耗、污泥、垃圾和交通等四方面的生态足迹.结果表明,该厂2008年总生态足迹为1 071.868 1hm2,人均污水处理生态足迹为0.005 4 hm2.并从生态足迹角度为污水厂的节能减排与可持续发展提出建议.     

汶川地震区震后泥石流活动特征与防治对策

2008年5月12日的汶川Ms8.0地震对地表产生强烈扰动,使得泥石流形成条件发生剧烈变化,影响到震后泥石流的活动特征和减灾对策.作者在调查数据的基础上,从固体松散物质条件、微地貌条件和水文条件的变化3个方面,分析了汶川地震区震后泥石流形成条件的变化,认为:汶川地震灾区崩塌、滑坡等产生的松散固体物质达28×108 m3,为该区泥石流长期活动提供了丰富的物质基础;流域微地貌突变特别是严重的沟道堵塞,有利于泥石流规模的增大;强烈地表扰动和毁灭性、大面积毁坏植被,改变了地表水入渗、产流和汇流条件,利于侵蚀和洪峰形成.这些流域状态的巨变,构成了有利于泥石流形成的条件组合.从而,导敛震后泥石流活动强度急剧增大,使得泥石流成为对地震区影响最为严重的灾害.震后泥石流活动的主要特点有:泥石流沟谷数量增加,大量震前被判定为非泥石流沟的流域暴发了泥石流;激发泥右流的临界雨量明显降低泥石流暴发表现出明显的高频性与群发性;泥石流的容重约提高10%～30%,原来定性为稀性或过渡性的泥石流沟转化为过渡性或粘性泥石流沟;泥石流流量普遍增大,大致可增加约50%～100%,现有规范中泥石流流量计算方法的结果偏小,需要修正.震后泥石流演变趋势为:活动强度由急剧增强的突变转为逐步减弱,期间活跃期与平静期交替出现,第1个泥石流活跃期可能会持续约15年左右;泥石流形成将由降雨控制型逐步转为松散土体控制型;一些松散土体丰富且尚未发生泥石流的面积大于5 km2流域,将是未来暴发大规模泥石流的风险源.针对震后泥石流的活动特征、演化趋势和震区泥石流防治中存在的问题,提出:判识潜在泥石流灾害,增强减灾措施的针对性;进行泥石流灾害风险分析,加强风险管理;改进泥石流规模计算方法,适应震区超常规模泥石流防治需求;重新确定泥石流预警报的临界雨量指标,加强监测预警系统建设等灾害防治对策.     

推进绿色城市建设 提升城市文化软实力

现代国家的发展,绿色城市的建设都需要文化软实力的带动,文化软实力在推进绿色城市建设过程中发挥着积极的作用。探讨了推进绿色城市建设,提升城市文化软实力的必要性、现实性和可行性。     

Investigations of ZnO thin films deposited by a reactive pulsed laser ablation

Highly transparent ZnO thin films were deposited at different substrate temperatures by pulsed laser deposition in an oxygen atmosphere. The thin films were characterized by various techniques including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption, and photoluminescence. We demonstrated that oriented wurtzite ZnO thin films could be deposited at room temperature using a high purity zinc target. Variable temperature photoluminescence revealed new characteristics in the band edge emission. The underlying mechanism for the observed phenomena was also discussed.     

制备Fe_4N磁粉的优化工艺研究

本文是在固定床反应器中由γ-Fe2O3制备Fe4N磁粉优化工艺的实验研究，通过正交试验法得出了获得高质量Fe4N磁粉的优化工艺参数．     

New liquid membrane technology for simultaneous extraction and stripping of copper(II) from wastewater

In this paper, a new liquid membrane technique, hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM), is presented, which is based on the surface renewal theory, and integrates the advantages of fiber membrane extraction, liquid film permeation and other liquid membrane processes. The results from the system of CuSO₄+D2EHPA in kerosene+HCl show that the HFRLM process is very stable. The liquid membrane is renewed constantly during the process, the direct contact of organic droplets and aqueous phase provides large mass transfer area. These effects can significantly reduce the mass transfer resistance in the lumen side. Then the mixture of feed phase and organic phase flowing through the lumen side gives a higher mass transfer rate than that of stripping phase and organic phase, because the aqueous layer diffusion of feed phase is the rate-controlling step. The overall mass transfer coefficient increases with increasing flow rates and D2EHPA concentration in the organic phase, and with decreasing initial copper concentration in the feed phase. The overall mass transfer coefficient also increases with increasing pH in the feed phase, and reaches a maximum value at pH of 4.44, then decreases. Also, there is a favorable w/o volume ratio of 20:1 to 30:1 for this process. Compared with hollow fiber supported liquid membrane and hollow fiber membrane extraction processes, HFRLM process has a high mass transfer rate. Mathematical model for the HFRLM process based on the surface renewal theory is developed. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results under the conditions studied.     

褐煤成型的研究

由于褐煤具有含水率高，灰份大，易风化，发热值低等特点，使得成型难度很大．本文重点研究水份粒度、添加剂、成型压力等对褐煤成型的影响．最佳条件：粒度＜１ｍｍ，水份１４～１６％，压力＞５０Ｔｆ，添加剂１０～２０％．     

矩阵在不等式证明中的妙用

矩阵是一种重要的数学方法,在数学领域有其独特的作用。根据正定实对称矩阵的一个重要不等式及均值不等式在矩阵方面的一个重要性质,对国际数学竞赛和不同书刊中有关不等式进行探讨。通过对比,体现了在解某类不等式问题时运用矩阵解题的优势。     

Interface trap effect on the transient characteristics of a photovoltaic InSb infrared detector

The transient characteristics can be significantly affected by the interface trap. In order to reveal the intrinsic mechanism and provide some references for the design of detectors, the interface trap effect on the transient characteristics of a back-illuminated photovoltaic InSb infrared detector is studied with two-dimensional simulations. The relationships between interface traps and some key physical parameters, such as the hole concentration, the recombination rate and the electric field, are analyzed to reveal the intrinsic mechanisms of the influence of the interface traps on the transient characteristics. Studies show that with the increase of the interface trap density, the recombination rate and the electric field near the interface increase, the hole concentration decreases, and the “black holes” in current density distribution appear and move forward to the pn junction. And the transient photoresponse decreases with the increase of the interface trap density.     

Optimization of Waste Gate Drive Circuit of Two-Stage Turbocharging System

A two stage turbocharging control system was proposed, in which the pressure regulator valve with a close-loop pressure adjusting function instead of a high speed on-off solenoid valve, is used as a driving mechanism of waste gate. A digital-analog (DA)conversion circuit based on pulse width modulation (PWM) generates one analog voltage signal required by the pressure regulating valve control. The principle of the DA conversion circuit was analyzed, meanwhile, the performance of the conversion circuit was improved by adopting a speed-up capacitor, which helps to increase the stability and responsiveness of the control voltage generated by the conversion circuit; the structure parameters of the circuit was optimized by simulation. After the optimization, the ripple wave of circuit output voltage was kept within 16.mV under the 12.bit conversion accuracy, the conversion time of the circuit could be reduced to 4.ms. The engine bench test show that the turbocharging boost pressure control system which adopted the circuit had a rather good stable control accuracy(the steady state within 0.8%) and dynamic response(the regulation time is less than 4.s).