Determination of the melting point of ice in porous glass in relation to the size of the pores

The method of proton magnetic resonance is used to determine the melting point of ice particles in the pores of monodisperse porous glasses ranging from 10 to 1000 Å in radius.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 461–466, March, 1985.     

Mutagenicity of ambient aerosol collected in an urban and industrial area of The Netherlands

To investigate the influence of the densely populated and heavily industrialized Rijnmond area of The Netherlands on the genotoxicity of the ambient aerosol, aerosol samples were collected at locations within the area, and at a coastal region located upwind. The mutagenicity of extracts of the samples was compared in the Salmonella/microsome test. The dependence of the effects on sampling time and on sampling location was investigated with the aid of a series of simple mathematical models. These models were also used to estimate the increase in mutagenicity above background levels at the sites in the Rijnmond area due to emissions within that area. Application of the models showed that the clear and significant increases are not merely a result of the additions of mutagens emitted, but that possibly interactions between sampling time- and location-dependent factors play a role. Comparison of the results obtained with the different Ames-test variants (different strains, with and without liver homogenate) indicate that the conclusions concerning the time and location dependence of the effect were not dependent on the variant used.     

Analysis of global and local extrema of regularizing functionals in the problem of the reconstruction of images observed through randomly inhomogeneous media

An approach to the reconstruction problem of undistorted images of objects observed through randomly inhomogeneous media is considered. The approach is based on the solution to the integral equation of the first kind (convolution equation) with an unknown kernel and inaccurately defined right-hand side. It is demonstrated that the procedure for the construction of an inverse operator needed for the solution is determined by the minimization of the nonlinear regularizing multiextremum functional, which takes into account the a priori data regarding the positive intensity distribution in the image of an object. The analysis of the structure of the multiextremum functional is presented. The estimates of the reconstructed images that correspond to the global and local extrema are studied. The results of a numerical experiment on the reconstruction of the optical image of an object observed through the turbulent atmosphere are presented.     

Reliability Study of Loss of Off-Site Power Supply

Probabilistic parameters related to the total loss of off-site power at the Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories (CRNL) are derived from site specific data. Because of weather related seasonal dependency a periodic power failure frequency model has been adopted.     

Synfuel development impacts— econometric modelling and policy analysis

The prospects for rapid near-term development of a synfuel industry in the USA have decreased, due to depressed world oil prices, synfuel project cost overruns, and the lukewarm support of the Reagan administration. Nonetheless, socioeconomic and environmental impact analysis studies can provide valuable information for determining the regional welfare effects of proposed projects. The author discusses the results of a regional econometric analysis of the synfuel projects planned for Western Kentucky, which focuses on environmental impacts, and reveals the inevitable trade-offs that would accompany synfuel development. Some policy issues are briefly reviewed, especially that of efficient energy pricing.     

Heat exchanger: Optimal separation for vertical rectangular fins protruding from a vertical rectangular base

An experimental investigation of the steady-state rates of heat transfer from an array of vertical rectangular 3 mm thick fins, extending 60 mm perpendicularly out of a 250 mm high vertical rectangular base, is reported. For base temperatures between room temperature (～ 15°C) and 100°C, the optimal separation of the parallel fins, corresponding to the maximum rate of heat loss, is 10 ± 1 mm.     

Preserving poultry feeds in the humid tropics: A trial of calcium propionate under feed mill conditions

Calcium propionate was incorporated into a complete poultry feed and a feed concentrate at levels of 0, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.6%. The feeds were stored in 25 kg woven sacks in a feed mill. Air temperatures ranged from 22 to 34°C and relative humidity was in the range 67 to 93%. Mould growth was measured microbiologically and by measurement of feed temperature. Calcium propionate had a large effect on the microbiological measurements but only a small effect on heating in the feeds. As a preservative, it retained its activity for 6 weeks which extended the storage life by only 1 week in this case. The relative merits of the microbiological and temperature measurements are discussed.