磁性纤维素微晶稳定O/W型Pickering乳液特性分析

将磁性纤维素微晶复合物作为乳化剂稳定O/W型Pickering乳液,考察磁性纤维素微晶复合物添加量、油水比及均质次数对Pickering乳液的影响.结果 表明:Fe3O4粒子的平均粒径约为10 nm,纤维素微晶经过Fe3O4修饰后平均长度约为14.2 μm,表面形态由光滑棒状转变为粗糙形态;纤维素微晶的傅里叶变换红外光...     

葡萄籽油的脂肪酸组成、抗氧化活性及其在可食性口红中的应用

以葡萄籽为原料,采用索氏提取法提取葡萄籽油,对其脂肪酸组成及抗氧化活性进行分析,并考察其应用于可食性口红中的可行性。结果表明:葡萄籽油中主要不饱和脂肪酸含量高达76.26%,且以亚油酸(61.69%)为主;葡萄籽油的总抗氧化能力为0.735 mmo/L,羟自由基清除能力为56.49%,超氧自由基清除能力为57.60%;葡萄籽油与甜杏仁油比例为1∶1时,制备的可食性口红清爽、滋润,品质佳,稠度与延展性与市售口红无显著差异,说明葡萄籽油可用于口红产品中。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备水性聚氨酯/SiO2杂化材料

综述了溶胶-凝胶法制备水性聚氨酯/SiO2杂化材料的研究进展,并结合作者的经验提出了一些可行性的思路;扼要地介绍了有机/无机杂化材料的背景、溶胶-凝胶法的基本原理和步骤。     

运用PCR技术进行5种液态奶的鉴别

采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)对牛奶、羊奶、水牛奶、骆驼奶、黄豆奶这五种液态奶进行鉴别。其中,羊奶以ATP6为目的基因设计其特异性引物,能扩增出大小为292 bp的DNA片段,水牛奶以12SrRNA为目的基因设计特异性引物对,扩增出大小为328 bp的DNA片段,牛奶、骆驼奶以细胞色素b(cyt b)为目的基因设计引物,可以分别扩增出大小为725 bp和363 bp的DNA片段,黄豆浆以细胞色素f(cyt f)为目的基因,扩增出大小为510 bp的DNA片段,各引物对对于其它物种奶类无特异性扩增,并采用两种限制性内切酶验证了该扩增的特异性。通过不同物种的基因序列差距设计的引物,能同时鉴别出这几种液态奶,是一种可靠、简单、快捷的液态奶鉴别方法。     

植物原料乳酸菌发酵剂增菌培养的研究

对筛自泡菜的嗜酸乳杆菌S1的生长条件和增殖培养基进行了研究,优化确定了乳酸菌的培养条件和增殖培养基:起始pH值为5.5、培养温度为35℃、培养时间为12h,培养基主要组成为麦芽糖2%、牛肉膏1%、缓冲盐(NaAc∶CaCO3)0.5∶0.3。控制培养条件,结合优化培养基,可使培养液活菌数提高一个数量级达到5×109cfu/mL。     

微/纳米复合多层金刚石自支撑膜的制备及应力研究

利用大功率DC Arc Plasma Jet CVD装置,采用Ar-H2-CH4混合气体为气源,通过优化工艺参数,在多晶钼衬底上制备出了多层复合金刚石自支撑膜.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼谱(Raman)对膜体进行表征,结果显示,多层膜体的组织结构体现了微米金刚石与纳米金刚石的典型特征;复合金刚石自支撑膜具有光滑的表面,微米层与纳米层间呈相互嵌套式的界面;此外,利用激光拉曼谱分析了多层膜中的内应力状态,研究发现,多层膜中各层膜体具有不同的内应力状态,内应力沿膜体生长方向有明显变化,呈现出从压应力到拉应力的变化过程.     

基于红外技术的输液点滴速度监控装置的设计

设计了一种利用红外光的脉宽调制信号来采集输液信息的医用微量输液装置.该装置通过对液滴和液面的监测和控制,可以实现输液过程中滴速、输液容量的自动控制和测量,并提供声光报警和远程通信报警功能.经实验证明,具有安全、操作方便、参数可设定、抗干扰能力强、可靠性高、能够精确控制输液速度和输液总量等特点.     

KTA晶体用于光参变振荡产生2μm激光的研究

为了研究如何产生2μm 激光,提出将KTA晶体用于光参变振荡来产生2μm 激光的方法,通过对比KTA与KTP晶体的非线性性能,从理论上论证了该方法的可行性;并从光学频率变换所遵循的能量守恒与动量守恒出发,利用KTA晶体的Sellmeier方程、根据折射率椭球方程计算出了晶体的切割角度,绘制出了角度调谐和波长的关系曲线图;比较了两种切割方式下的晶体有效非线性系数的大小,通过比较,得出φ=0°,θ=48.37°切割的晶体具有更好的非线性特性的结论;并对该晶体的走离角、允许角、可接受带宽进行了计算,解决了KTA-OPO设计的最基本问题,为下一步的试验工作开展打下了基础.     

Residual stress distribution modification caused by weathering in polypropylene and polystyrene

A study has been made of changes in residual stress distributions caused by weathering in polypropylene and polystyrene. Chemi-crystallization has a major effect in polypropylene and an analysis based on the volumetric changes that occur on crystallization has been developed. Close to the surface, fractional crystallinity changes up to 4% are caused by photodegradation (X-ray measurements by Rabello and White (18)). It is estimated that this would cause a tensile residual stress of ～2MNm^?2 to form at the surface if there were no preexisting residual stresses; in the case examined here, the effect of this shrinkage stress was to reduce the compressive residual stress to a small value (<1MNm^?2). Additional changes caused by stress relaxation prior to completion of chemi-crystallization resulted in net tensile stresses near to the surface of the photo-degraded polypropylene. The changes occur almost symmetrically in polypropylene even if the molding is exposed on one surface only. A similar analysis has been made for thermoplastics in which the changes occur only at the exposed surface, comparing the results with measurements made on a glass fiber reinforced grade of polypropylene. In this case the analysis predicts that the stress changes by 2–3MNm^?2 near the surface, enough to develop tensile stresses up to 2MNm^?2 there if the compressive residual stress at the beginning is fairly small, in fairly good agreement with observed changes. Glass fiber reinforced polypropylene does not relax as readily as unfilled polypropylene and better agreement is to be expected without any allowance for stress relaxation. The analysis for one-sided chemi-crystallization allows calculation of the resulting distortion in terms of the curvature: this was estimated at 0.33m^?1, compared to the measured value of 0.44 m^?1. Volumetric changes also occur in noncrystalline polymers and a similar analysis based on data obtained with polystyrene (17) confirms that these changes can explain the observed development of tensile residual stresses on weathering. In the example studied here surface stress changes of 2–3MNm^?2 are predicted and this accounts for a large proportion of the change in residual stress obtained by direct measurement.