Solitary non-parasitic cysts of the liver: presentation and management

Four cases (one asymptomatic and three symptomatic) of solitary non-parasitic cysts of the liver are presented. The asymptomatic cysts was an incidental finding at laparotomy. The other three patients presented with abdominal distension, jaundice and malignant transformation respectively. Management of these patients has been discussed and the literature reviewed.     

Numerical investigation on thrust production and unsteady mechanisms of three-dimensional oscillating wing

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - The thrust production of an oscillating wing in the low Reynolds number regime (75 ≤ Re ≤ 1000) was investigated via threedimensional...     

Cutting meat with bone using an ultrahigh pressure abrasive waterjet

An experimental study of abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting of beef, pork and lamb meat with and without bone is presented. Salt particles were used as the abrasives. It has been found that an AWJ could significantly increase the depth of cut with much improved cut quality in cutting pure meat as compared to plain (or pure) waterjet cutting, while a plain waterjet was incapable of cutting bone satisfactorily. The study shows that AWJ cutting produced a very narrow kerf of less than 1 mm and hence resulted in mush less meat loss than the traditional cutting processes, and meat can be cut at room temperature to eliminate the freezing or chilling costs. It is shown that a traverses speed of 20 mm/s can be used to cut through 44 mm thick beef rib bones with good cut quality. When slicing pure meat of 150 mm thickness, the traverse speed of 66.67 mm/s can yield very good cut quality. It is suggested that AWJ cutting is a viable technology for meat cutting. Plausible trends for the depth of cut, cutting rate and cut quality with respect to the process variables are discussed. Recommendations are finally made for the selection of the most appropriate process parameters for cutting meat of a given thickness.     

Pulse electrodeposited PtSn electrocatalyst on a PEDOT/graphene-based electrode for ethanol oxidation in an acidic medium

Pulse electrodeposition of Pt and Sn using 10 mM H₂PtCl₆?6H₂O in 0.10 M H₂SO₄ and 10 mM SnCl₂?2H₂O in 0.10 M HCl was conducted on a support matrix consisting of electropolymerized poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide (EGO). The Field Emission – Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) studies of PtSn/PEDOT/EGO (i.e., PEDOT on EGO) showed a homogeneous globular composite, while PtSn/EGO/PEDOT (i.e., EGO on PEDOT) revealed a heterogeneous composite with wrinkled and globular surface morphologies. An Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis (as a percentage of Pt and Sn) of PtSn/PEDOT/EGO is in agreement with the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, indicative of a homogeneous surface for the dispersion of metallic particles. However, the EDX and XPS analyses of PtSn/EGO/PEDOT showed variations in the amount of Pt and Sn, indicative of possible mixing of the EGO and PEDOT support matrices. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry using 1.0 M ethanol in 0.1 M H₂SO₄ demonstrated higher electrocatalytic activity (83.7 mA/cm²) and electrochemical stability (29.0% current retention) in PtSn/PEDOT/EGO than PtSn/EGO/PEDOT.     

Regulation of the levels of health promoting compounds: lupeol,mangiferin and phenolic acids in the pulp and peel of mango fruit: a review

There is a demand for feasible methodologies that can increase/maintain the levels of health-promoting phytochemicals in horticultural produce, due to strong evidence that these compounds can reduce risk of chronic diseases. Mango (Mangifera indica L.), ranks fifth among the most cultivated fruit crops in the world, is naturally rich in phytochemicals such as lupeol, mangiferin and phenolic acids (e.g. gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and vanillic acid). Yet, there is still much scope for up-regulating the levels of these compounds in mango fruit through manipulation of different preharvest and postharvest practices that affect their biosynthesis and degradation. The process of ripening, harvest maturity, physical and chemical elicitor treatments such as low temperature stress, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) and the availability of enzyme cofactors (Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺ and Fe²⁺) required in terpenoid biosynthesis were identified as potential determinants of the concentration of health-promoting compounds in mango fruit. The effectiveness of these preharvest and postharvest approaches in regulating the levels of lupeol, mangiferin and phenolic acids in the pulp and peel of mango fruit will be discussed. In general spray application of 0.2% iron(II) sulphate (FeSO₄) 30 days before harvest, harvest at sprung stage, storage of mature green fruit at 5 °C for 12 days prior to ripening, fumigation of mature green fruit with 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ and/or 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹ MeJA for 24 h or 20 and/or 40 µL L⁻¹ NO for 2 h upregulate the levels of lupeol, mangiferin and phenolic acids in pulp and peel of ripe mango fruit. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

Interaction Between Two Mutually Orthogonal Heat-Generating Baffles in a Square Cavity

Laminar free convection induced by two mutually orthogonal discrete heat-generating baffles in a two-dimensional square cavity is analyzed numerically. The computations were carried out for different locations and combinations of heat source strengths of the baffles for a fixed Grashof number of 10⁶and Prandtl number of 0.71. The coupled governing equations were solved bya finite-difference method using alternating direction implicit technique and successive overrelaxation methods. The obtained results clearly show that the hydrodynamic and thermal fields in the cavity depend on both the location and strength of the heat-generating baffles. Though the flow inhibition is caused by both the baffles, the baffle with higher source strength plays a decisive role in inducing the flow. The locations of baffles with unequal source strengths produce significant changes in the net heat transfer rate. This is further magnified for higher contrast in source strengths. This study provides qualitative suggestions that may improve the thermal design of sealed enclosures, which are encountered frequently in the electronics industry.