使各种装置通过网络连接

智能、可连接的设备正在兴起.到2010年,50%的消费电子设备将互联,23%的企业级设备、19%的移动PC和4%的台式PC可互联互通.通过"装置内自动Web服务"技术来实现各种装置和PC无缝连接的情境.它是一组基于XML的技术和协议,可以让数码相机或数字相框或其他家庭自动化装置能完成无缝的连接.     

Evaluation of a bacterial algal control agent in tank-based experiments

A bacterial-based bioremediation product, LakeRelief™ by Novozymes (Waterguru LakeRelief, 2011), was tested in a series of experiments between October 2008 and March 2009 to evaluate its suitability as a short-term intervention technique to reduce algal blooms in the Swan-Canning River system. Results from fibreglass tank experiments (1100 L) suggested that the product did not actively attack and lyse algal cells. The product decreased NH₄ and NO_x concentrations in treated tanks, both aerated and non-aerated. Product application decreased PO₄ concentrations in non-aerated tanks but not in aerated tanks. The product appeared to suppress algal growth in non-aerated tanks over short periods (several days). Algal growth regularly diminished after product application but reappeared shortly afterwards. Aeration had a negative effect on bacterial proliferation in the tanks, possibly through alteration of environmental conditions (e.g. water mixing). As a consequence of the environmental conditions in the tanks being counterproductive to the development of a representative microbial composition, several aspects regarding the product’s effectiveness could not be assessed satisfactorily in the tank experiments. The importance of long-term nutrient immobilisation into a well developed food web and the subsequent nutrient removal through removal of the top order organisms is highlighted.     

Haptic controlled three-axis MEMS gripper system

In this work, we describe the development and testing of a three degree of freedom meso/micromanipulation system for handling micro-objects, including biological cells and microbeads. Three-axis control is obtained using stepper motors coupled to micromanipulators. The test specimen is placed on a linear X-stage, which is coupled to one stepper motor. The remaining two stepper motors are coupled to the Y and Z axes of a micromanipulator. The stepper motor-micromanipulator arrangement in the Y and Z axes has a minimum step resolution of ～0.4?μm with a total travel of 12 mm and the stepper motor-X stage arrangement has a minimum resolution of ～0.3?μm with a total travel of 10 mm. Mechanical backlash error is ～0.8?μm for ～750?μm of travel. A MEMS microgripper from Femtotools? acts as an end-effector in the shaft end of the micromanipulator. The gripping ranges of the grippers used are 0-100?μm (for FT-G100) and 0-60?μm (for FT-G60). As the gripping action is performed, the force sense circuit of FT-G100 measures the handling force. This force feedback is integrated to a commercially available three degree of freedom haptic device (Novint Falcon) allowing the user to receive tactile feedback during the microscale handling. Both mesoscale and microscale controls are important, as mesoscale control is required for the travel motion of the test object whereas microscale control is required for the gripping action. The haptic device is used to control the position of the microgripper, control the actuation of the microgripper, and provide force feedback. A LABVIEW program was developed to interlink communication and control among hardware used in the system. Micro-objects such as SF-9 cells and polystyrene beads (～45?μm) are handled and handling forces of ～50?μN were experienced.     

Amygdala lesions do not impair shock-probe avoidance retention performance.

The present experiment used the shock-probe paradigm, a procedure usually used to assess anxiolytic processes, to assess memory in amygdala-lesioned rats. Rats were placed in a chamber that contained a probe protruding from 1 of 4 walls and were kept there for 15 min after they contacted the probe. For half the rats, the probe was electrified (2 mA). Four days later, sham or neurotoxic amygdala lesions were induced. Retention performance was assessed 8 days later by measuring the latency to contact the probe and the number of contact-induced shocks. The results indicated that, although shock-naive amygdala-lesioned rats were impaired on the 2nd shock-probe test, shock-experienced amygdala-lesioned rats were not. These data indicate that the memory of a shock experience, as indexed with a shock-probe avoidance response, is spared in rats with large amygdala lesions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social structure of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus revealed by genetic analysis with microsatellites

The Mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus possesses a unique behaviour amongst mice. It constructs large earthen mounds and associated nesting chambers which serve to store food for immature individuals during the winter nesting period. We have used genetic analysis of four autosomal and four X-linked microsatellite loci to determine relationships between individuals inhabiting 40 mounds in Bulgaria. We show that, in almost all cases, individuals in a mound are the product of multiple parentage. We estimate the minimum number of males and female parents contributing offspring to each mound and demonstrate that at least two male and two female parents contribute offspring to a minimum of seven mounds. Analyses of relatedness coefficients and allele sharing values demonstrate that parents of different sibships within mounds are more related than if they had been chosen at random from the population and suggest that it is the female parents that contribute this excess relatedness. These results suggest that the mechanism by which individuals congregate to build mounds is kin-based and that the evolution of mound building and communal nesting in M. spicilegus is due in part to kin selection. This study represents a novel approach to the study of mammalian behavioural ecology. We have used a genetic dataset to construct an outline of social structure in the absence of behavioural data. These inferences can now be used to direct further work on this species.     

微控制器在电动自行车设计中的应用

MAXQ2000是Dallas Semiconductor针对嵌入式应用的MAXQ高速、安静、低功耗微控制器系列首款产品,MAXQ2000带一个LCD控制器,SPI接口,实时时钟,两路UART,一个硬件乘累加单元,以及可处理多种任务的通用I/O.利用其单周期内核和低功耗模式,可在很短时间内完成很多任务,仅需消耗很少的电池能量.但一个微控制器如何才能帮我赢得环法大赛呢?     

Efficiency analysis of the Solarflow – An innovative solar-powered desalination unit for treating brackish water

The Solarflow was invented at The Environmental Technology Centre, Murdoch University (the Murdoch ETC) in Perth, Western Australia as part of a doctoral thesis in the early 1990s researching suitable water treatment systems for remote indigenous communities. The design has been modified since this time by its original manufacturer but full commercialisation was not achieved. The current owner Solco Pty Ltd was keen to further improve the efficiency and lower the purchase cost of the unit and engaged the Murdoch ETC to undertake further testing.The Solarflow is a self-contained solar-powered unit capable of producing 400 L/day of high quality drinking water from brackish water via reverse osmosis and requires only 120 W of photovoltaic power. This is achievable due to its innovative energy recovery system. In order to assess the unit's efficiency more accurately the latest high-rate data logging technology from the ResLab laboratory at Murdoch University was employed. This enabled quantification of the Solarflow's unique and complex waveforms of the four key parameters: voltage, current, pressure and flow. The results of this testing are presented in this paper.     

A proposal for the conformation of loop E in Escherichia coli 5S rRNA

A proposal is advanced for the conformation of the loop E region of prokaryotic 5S rRNAs based on spectroscopic data obtained from pAD3 RNA, a construct that includes helix IV, helix V, and loops D and E from Escherichia coli 5S rRNA. Even though loop E juxtaposes bases that cannot form Watson-Crick base pairs, it resembles an A-form double helix; its nucleotides relate to each other spectroscopically in a helix-like way and are in the anti conformation. The ends of loop E, which is palindromic, have the same conformation. Working in from either end towards the center of the loop, a closing GC is followed by a side-by-side GA and then by a reversed Hoogsteen AU, a pattern resembling that found at one end of eukaryotic loop E. The center of the loop consists of three nucleotide pairs, which appear to be an asymmetric GG pair, a Watson-Crick-like AG, and a GU stabilized by a single hydrogen bond.     

Square-wave retarder for polarization computer-generated holography

An etched calcite square-wave retarder is designed, fabricated, and demonstrated as an illuminator for an interlaced polarization computer-generated hologram (PCGH). The calcite square-wave retarder enables alternating columns of orthogonal linear polarizations to illuminate the interlaced PCGH. Together, these components produce a speckled, tangentially polarized PCGH diffraction pattern with a measured ratio of polarization of 84% and a degree of linear polarization of 0.81. An experimental alignment tolerance analysis is also reported.