Removal of formaldehyde from aqueous solutions via oxygen reduction using a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode cell

The removal of formaldehyde from waste streams to <0.3 ppm has been demonstrated using a cell with a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode; the formaldehyde is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide, formed at the cathode by reduction of oxygen. In most electrolytes studied (e.g. NaOH, NaCl and Na₂SO₄), the formaldehyde is oxidised only to formic acid. On the other hand, the addition of a low concentration of an iron salt (i.e. 0.5 mm), catalyses the complete oxidation to carbon dioxide. The removal of formaldehyde can be achieved in media of low ionic strength (< 10 mm) although the use of iron salts necessitates the adjustment of pH to 3 to maintain the catalyst in solution.     

Effect of graphene loading on thermomechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/starch blend

Polymer nanocomposites based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/starch blend and graphene were prepared by solution mixing and casting. Glycerol was used as a plasticizer and added in the starch dispersion. The uniform dispersion of graphene in water was achieved by using an Ultrasonicator Probe. The composites were characterized by FTIR, tensile properties, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis, and FE‐SEM studies. FTIR studies indicated probable hydrogen bonding interaction between the oxygen containing groups on graphene surface and the –OH groups in PVA and starch. Mechanical properties results showed that the optimum loading of graphene was 0.5 wt % in the blend. XRD studies indicated uniform dispersion of graphene in PVA/starch matrix upto 0.5 wt % loadings and further increase caused agglomeration. Thermal studies showed that the thermal stability of PVA increased and the crystallinity decreased in the presence of starch and graphene. FE‐SEM studies showed that incorporation of graphene increased the ductility of the composites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41827.     

Microkinetic model for the pyrolysis of methyl esters: From model compound to industrial biodiesel

A tool for the generation of decomposition schemes of large molecules has been developed. These decomposition schemes contain radicals which can be eliminated from the model equations if both the μ‐hypothesis and the pseudosteady‐state approximation are valid. The reaction rate coefficients and thermodynamic parameters have been calculated by incorporating a comprehensive group additive framework. A microkinetic model for the pyrolysis of methyl esters with a carbon number of up to 19 has been generated using this tool. It is validated by comparing calculated and experimental yields of the pyrolysis of methyl decanoate and novel rapeseed methyl ester pyrolysis data in the temperature range from 800 to 1100 K and methyl ester partial pressure range from 1 × 10^?3 to 1 × 10^?2 MPa. This modeling frame work allows to not only assess the use of methyl ester mixtures as potential feedstock for olefin production but also their effect as blend‐in or trace impurity. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 4309–4322, 2015     

Fish Oil and Olive Oil Supplementation in Late Pregnancy and Lactation Differentially Affect Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows and Piglets

This study was conducted to compare the effects of fish oil and olive oil supplementation in late pregnancy and during lactation on oxidative stress and inflammation in sows and their piglets. A total of 24 sows were fed a basal diet supplemented with additional corn starch (CON), fish oil (FO) or olive oil (OO). Sows fed an OO diet during late gestation had a higher piglet birth weight compared with CON‐fed and FO‐fed sows (P < 0.05). Furthermore, sows from the OO group had a higher milk fat content than sows from CON and FO groups, and a lower pre‐weaning mortality of piglets was observed in the OO group (P < 0.05). Maternal FO supplementation resulted in increased malondialdehyde concentration in sow plasma, colostrum, milk and piglet plasma than in CON and OO groups (P < 0.05). However, an increased total antioxidant capacity (T‐ACC) and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) were also observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Sows fed an OO diet had significantly decreased interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) concentrations in milk compared with CON and FO fed sows (P < 0.05). Moreover, lower plasma IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels were observed in piglets from the OO group compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that an OO diet is most beneficial in late gestation and during lactation in sows. However, FO increases the susceptibility to oxidative stress in sows and piglets.     

The mechanism of oxidation of copper in alkaline solutions

The formation of Cu₂O by the oxidation of Cu in alkaline solutions under various controlled potential conditions has been studied by potentiodynamic methods, the rotating ring disc technique and by employing colloidal Cu(OH)₂ electrodes supported on vitreous carbon.The kinetics of the electrochemical reactions, both anodic and cathodic, are interpreted in terms of a complex reaction mechanism involving various intermediates participating in the phase oxide formation, (e.g. adsorbed OH, soluble Cu(I) and metal sites of different activity).Besides the electrochemical reactions the model includes various ageing and surface restructuring processes. The growth mechanism is envisaged to depend on the conditions of oxidation.     

TDI双管板换热器制造质量的控制简

介绍了TDI双管板换热器的结构特点和深孔强度胀接技术。简述了制造过程中的质量控制关键点。通过用模拟管板进行了内管板胀接工艺评定的方法,采取了控制管孔加工精度、强度胀接、管板组装、调整开槽间距及宽度、安排合理的胀接焊接次序、选择合适的胀接压力等措施;采用了新的检验和检测技术,保证了产品质量;增设了压力传感器,完善了安全监测系统。     

Dietary intakes and food sources of fatty acids for Belgian women, focused on n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

The intake of fat, saturated and monounsaturated FA (SFA and MUFA), and omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA has been estimated in 641 Belgian women (age 18-39 y). Their food intake was recorded using a 2-d food diary. The PUFA included were linoleic (LA), alpha-linolenic (LNA), arachidonic (AA), eicosapentaeonoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. The mean total fat intake corresponded to 34.3% of total energy intake (E). The mean intake of the FA groups corresponded to 13.7%, 13.1%, and 6.0% of E, for SFA, MUFA, and PUFA, respectively. The mean intake of LA was 5.3% of E and of LNA was 0.6% of E, with a mean LA/LNA ratio of 8.7. The mean intake of AA was 0.03% of E. The mean intake of EPA, DPA, and DHA was 0.4%, 0.01%, and 0.06% of E, respectively. According to the Belgian recommendations, the total fat and SFA intake was too high for about three-quarters of the population. The mean LA and overall n-6 PUFA intake corresponded with the recommendation, with part of the population exceeding the upper level. Conversely, the population showed a large deficit for LNA and n-3 PUFA. The major food source for LA and LNA was fats and oils, followed by cereal products. The main sources of long-chain PUFA were fish and seafood, and meat, poultry, and eggs. From a public health perspective, it seems desirable to tackle the problem of low n-3 PUFA intake.     

高抗热震性红外辐射涂料的实验研究

针对红外辐射涂料在工业炉不同基体表面上应用时出现的涂层易脱落问题,以过滤金属氧化物为红外辐射涂料的辐射基料、复合硅溶胶为涂料载体粘结剂主要成分,进行了高抗热震性红外辐射涂料的实验研究,并在热处理电炉上进行了工业性试验,取良好的试验效果。     

挥发份燃烧生成NO的试验研究

对铜川贫煤进行了挥发份析出和燃烧试验。通过测取和分析挥发份燃烧后烟气中NO，对铜川贫煤挥发份中氮的赋存及迁移规律进行了探索和研究，研究表明，铜川煤的挥发份中氮的赋存形态至少为2种，随着挥发份燃烧温度的升高，NO浓度峰值的出现时间的向前移动，挥发份燃烧温度上升到1673K以后，虽然有利于热力型NO的生成，但对燃料型NO的形成有一定的抑制作用，研究结果为进一步完善煤燃烧理论，有效控制煤燃烧过程中氮氧化物的生成提供了必要的理论基础。     

在化工原理教学中培养学生工程实践能力的研究

化工原理是化工类专业的主干课之～,在化工原理教学如理论教学、实验及实践环节、认识实习、考试各环节培养具有工程实践能力的人才的方法作了论述。