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51.
In 3 experiments, novices were required to answer questions while reading a series of problems. The questions required them either to analyze individual problem structures (intraproblem processing) or compare problem structures (analogical comparison processing) to derive answers. Ss who engaged in problem comparison processing were found to categorize and describe problems on the basis of problem structure, whereas those who engaged in intraproblem processing, or simply read the problems, categorized and described them on the basis of surface features. Analogical comparisons also facilitated selection and construction of equations relative to intraproblem processing. These results suggest that analogical comparison is an important component in the induction of problem categories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
52.
Reisenzein Rainer; B?rdgen Sandra; Holtbernd Thomas; Matz Denise 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2006,91(2):295
Eight experiments examined facial expressions of surprise in adults. Surprise was induced by disconfirming a previously established schema or expectancy. Self-reports and behavioral measures indicated the presence of surprise in most participants, but surprise expressions were observed only in 4%-25%, and most displays consisted of eyebrow raising only; the full, 3-component display was never seen. Experimental variations of surprise intensity, sociality, and duration/complexity of the surprising event did not change these results. Electromyographic measurement failed to detect notably more brow raisings and, in one study, revealed a decrease of frontalis muscle activity in the majority of the participants. Nonetheless, most participants believed that they had shown a strong surprise expression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
53.
Addresses the ethical issues associated with establishing a fee structure in private practice based on current trends in Canadian psychology and the existing ethical codes and standards for Canadian psychologists. A number of forces impacting on the delivery and nature of psychological service in Canada are reviewed followed by a critique of relevant codes and standards. Recommendations for establishing a fee structure in private practice are provided based on the critique, alternative ethical codes, and existing literature. It is suggested that when economic necessity forces Canadian psychologists to turn to private practice as their primary source of income, potential conflict between self interest and public interest may arise. Exploration of this conflict raises many unanswered questions regarding the combination of business ethics with the ethics of psychology. To answer these questions and help resolve potential ethical conflicts, further examination and discussion amongst psychologists and their professional associations is recommended. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
54.
We investigated the influences of odor exposure on performance and on breathing measures. The task was composed of tracking, short-term memory, and peripheral reaction parts. During rest or while performing the task, 12 participants were exposed to 4 different odors in 2 intensities. The higher intensity of the malodors induced a short-term decrement in mean inspiration flow (Vi/Ti) after stimulus onset and impaired performance in the short-term memory task, as compared with control trials; no effect was found for the positively judged odors. The study suggests that a distractor as simple as a bad smell may pull a person off task, however briefly, and may result in a detriment to performance. Actual or potential applications of this research involve designing or securing tasks in such a way that a brief withdrawal of attention does not have fatal consequences. 相似文献
55.
Denise Sato Yamashita Vinícius Amaral Armentano Manuel Laguna 《Journal of Scheduling》2007,10(1):67-76
We address a project scheduling problem with resource availability cost for which the activity durations are uncertain. The
problem is formulated within the robust optimization framework, where uncertainty is modeled via a set of scenarios. The proposed
solution method is based on the scatter search methodology and employs advanced strategies, such as dynamic updating of the
reference set, a frequency-based memory mechanism, and path relinking. A multistart heuristic was also developed and comparative
results are reported. The tradeoffs for risk-averse decision makers are discussed. 相似文献
56.
This article presents information on the development and validation of the Facial Expression Coding System (FACES; A. M. Kring & D. Sloan, 1991). Grounded in a dimensional model of emotion, FACES provides information on the valence (positive, negative) of facial expressive behavior. In 5 studies, reliability and validity data from 13 diverse samples, including students, psychiatric patients, and community adults, are presented, and results indicate that raters can reliably agree on instances of positive and negative expressive behavior. Validity studies indicate that FACES ratings are related in predictable ways to another observational coding system, facial muscle activity, individual-difference measures of expressiveness and personality, skin conductance, heart rate, and reports of experienced emotion. FACES can be a useful tool for assessing expressive behavior in a variety of contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
57.
Denise Bevilaqua Heloisa A. Acciari Fabiana A. Arena Assis V. Benedetti Cecílio S. Fugivara Germano Tremiliosi Filho Oswaldo Garcia Júnior 《Minerals Engineering》2009,22(3):254-262
In this work, the monitoring of the bacterial and chemical dissolution of bornite was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); the mineral surface was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The analysis of CV results allowed attributing the different peaks observed in both direct and reverse potential scanning to the oxidation of bornite to a secondary covellite and its reduction via different non stoichiometric copper sulphides intermediaries. EIS data for bornite were obtained in control medium up to 78 h of immersion, when a cellular suspension of A. ferrooxidans was added and the experiments continued up to a 192 h of test. The EIS response was different when bacteria were added in the beginning of the test or after some hours of immersion in acid solution. The experiments were performed in different cell configurations and a model of the electrode/electrolyte interface. The correspondent equivalent electrical circuit was used to fit impedance spectra for all studied conditions. A common equivalent circuit used for corrosion processes where anodic (degradation of the mineral) and cathodic (oxygen reduction) reactions occur in parallel, together film and biofilm formation was proposed. 相似文献
58.
Olver Mark E.; Preston Denise L.; Camilleri Joseph A.; Helmus Leslie; Starzomski Andrew 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2011,52(4):310
Although survey results seem to indicate an abundant interest among Canadian psychology graduate students in pursuing training in criminal justice psychology, the recruitment and retention of psychologists in the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) has been of some concern. The present study is a 2008 survey of sites within CSC that provide opportunities for clinical psychology training with offender clientele. Survey findings demonstrated that a broad range of clinical psychology training opportunities were available across 16 sites. The most frequently cited barrier to providing training was lack of time by prospective trainers, and sites reported retaining relatively few of their trainees for subsequent psychologist positions. Information was also obtained regarding vacant psychologist positions across CSC regions. In light of survey findings, substantive discussion is devoted toward the issues of psychologist recruitment and retention in Canadian federal corrections, including a discussion of both potential and existing training initiatives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
59.
Denise Fukumi Tsunoda Alex Alves Freitas Heitor Silv��rio Lopes 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2011,15(10):1897-1908
Proteins can be grouped into families according to some features such as hydrophobicity, composition or structure, aiming
to establish common biological functions. This paper presents MAHATMA—memetic algorithm-based highly adapted tool for motif
ascertainment—a system that was conceived to discover features (particular sequences of amino acids, or motifs) that occur
very often in proteins of a given family but rarely occur in proteins of other families. These features can be used for the
classification of unknown proteins, that is, to predict their function by analyzing their primary structure. Experiments were
done with a set of enzymes extracted from the Protein Data Bank. The heuristic method used was based on genetic programming
using operators specially tailored for the target problem. The final performance was measured using sensitivity, specificity
and hit rate. The best results obtained for the enzyme dataset suggest that the proposed evolutionary computation method is
effective in finding predictive features (motifs) for protein classification. 相似文献
60.
Denise Abatti M. Elisabete D. Zaniquelli Yassuko Iamamoto Ynara M. Idemori 《Thin solid films》1997,310(1-2):296-302
A synthetic iron ortho-substituted tetradecylpyridyl porphyrin was used to prepare Langmuir-Blodgett films. Better spreading at the gas-liquid interface was obtained for mixed films using palmitic acid in a 1:4 proportion. The minimum area per molecule from π-A curves for the pure porphyrin monolayers is correlated to the value obtained for the flat orientation of the porphyrinic center on the water surface, as determined by the CPK model. The fatty acid causes a decrease in the porphyrin minimum area per molecule. Single monolayer LB deposition gives a monomeric film without the presence of aggregates as attested by UV-visible spectra. The film was used in the heterogeneous catalysis of cyclohexene oxidation furnishing a yield two times higher than that obtained for the homogeneous system, using the same porphyrin amount and reagent ratio. The reaction was highly selective: only cyclohexene oxide was recorded as the product, confirming that the system is a good model for cytochrome P450. 相似文献