Medical application of information gain based artificial immune recognition system (AIRS): Diagnosis of thyroid disease

In this paper, we have made medical application of a new artificial immune system named the information gain based artificial immune recognition system (IG-AIRS) which minimizes the negative effects of taking into account all attributes in calculating Euclidean distance in shape–space representation which is used in many artificial immune systems. For medical data, thyroid disease data set was applied in the performance analysis of our proposed system. Our proposed system reached 95.90% classification accuracy with 10-fold CV method. This result ensured that IG-AIRS would be helpful in diagnosing thyroid function based on laboratory tests, and would open the way to various ill diagnoses support by using the recent clinical examination data, and we are actually in progress.     

A MIP based heuristic for capacitated MRP systems

Although Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is the most widely used production planning tool in today’s manufacturing companies, its inability to perform an exhaustive capacity planning, lack of a comprehensive and integrated shop floor extension and using constant and inflated lead times necessitate intelligent methods for developing cost effective production plans. A single optimization model might be employed to overcome these limitations, but it would be intractable to use it in large manufacturing systems. Hence, in this paper, we propose a heuristic method called Capacity Allocater and Scheduler, CAS, to eliminate drawbacks of MRP systems and provide solutions for large-scale instances. The CAS procedure, based on iteratively solving relaxed Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) models, is built on a lot sizing and scheduling framework, which considers both supply alternatives and lot size restrictions simultaneously. Finally, we give a detailed numerical example to demonstrate how CAS may be used in practice, and provide our concluding remarks.     

A minisum location problem with regional demand considering farthest Euclidean distances

We consider a continuous multi-facility location-allocation problem that aims to minimize the sum of weighted farthest Euclidean distances between (closed convex) polygonal and/or circular demand regions, and facilities they are assigned to. We show that the single facility version of the problem has a straightforward second-order cone programming formulation and can therefore be efficiently solved to optimality. To solve large size instances, we adapt a multi-dimensional direct search descent algorithm to our problem which is not guaranteed to find the optimal solution. In a special case with circular and rectangular demand regions, this algorithm, if converges, finds the optimal solution. We also apply a simple subgradient method to the problem. Furthermore, we review the algorithms proposed for the problem in the literature and compare all these algorithms in terms of both solution quality and time. Finally, we consider the multi-facility version of the problem and model it as a mixed integer second-order cone programming problem. As this formulation is weak, we use the alternate location-allocation heuristic to solve large size instances.     

Characterization of cryogenic heat treated Vanadis 4 PM cold work tool steel

The amount of retained austenite in the quenched cold work tool steel sample is 17.7%, in the condition of sub-zero heat treated and double tempered samples following by quenching is 1.9% determined by XRD analysis. The types of carbides (MC, M₇C₃, M₂₃C₆) present in the structure was determined by XRD and SEM-EDS analysis. The hardness of test samples were 865 HV(0.1) for quenched sample and 785 HV(0.1) forth sample subjected to sub-zero treatment and double tempered after the quenching.     

Effect of nonlinearity on site response and ground motion due to earthquake excitation

Ground motions under earthquake loading are influenced by the local soil conditions, but the non-linearity of the soil behavior makes it difficult to estimate the site response. The paper reports a non-linear analysis developed to elucidate the effect of non-linearity on site response, illustrating its applicability with reference to a petroleum storage tank site subjected to earthquake excitation.     

Fracture load and microcrack comparison of crowns manufactured from tooth‐shaped and traditional blocks

This study intended to analyze microcracks and fractographic markings on the surface of all ceramic crowns after milling and compare the fracture loads. 90 crowns were manufactured from two feldspathic (Priticrown‐Pr and Vita Mark II‐Vi) and a lithium disilicate (EmaxCAD‐Em) blocks (n = 30). Two groups (n = 15) were prepared for each ceramic. In the first group, crowns were analyzed twice via the fluorescent penetrant method for microcrack detection, after the manufacturing process and thermal cycles. The load to fracture test was applied at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until catastrophic failure. Second group crowns were directly cemented onto the Co‐Cr dies following the manufacturing process and loaded to fracture. Fractographic markings were analyzed through scanning electron microscope. Spearman correlation analysis, Kruskal–Wallis H test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were applied (α = .05). Fracture loads of Em crowns were higher than other groups (p < .05), with and without the aging procedure. Except for second group Pr (r = ?.532), no significant relationship was found between microcrack numbers and fracture loads (p > .05). Thermal cycling did not affect microcrack numbers and fracture loads (p > .05). Tooth‐shaped multilayered Pr blocks did not provide an advantage in terms of microcrack and fracture loads.     

The Hydroloysis of ammonia borane by using Amberlyst-15 supported catalysts for hydrogen generation

Resin catalysts have the advantage of having various properties and long lifetime due to their ability to be regenerated easily, which makes them attractive supports. In this paper, a comparative study was conducted to optimize the dehydrogenation reaction condition using two different types of support materials: alumina (Al₂O₃), and Amberlyst-15 and to improve the catalytic activity as well as preparing an efficient and low-cost system for practical application, ruthenium metal catalyst was incorporated on Amberlyst-15 resin (a sulfonic acid type based upon a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer) to release H₂ via hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane. Using ruthenium (Ru) catalysts based on Amberlyst-15 support material and comparing the results with Al₂O₃ as the common supporting material is considered to be studied for the first time. The effect of temperature (20–50 °C), the initial ammonia borane concentration (0.05–0.5 %wt), and catalyst amount (0.2–0.5 g) on the produced H₂ yield was also investigated. Ru@Amberlyst-15 nanoparticle was discovered to be an effective catalyst for hydrogen evolution via the hydrolysis of ammonia borane with a turnover frequency value (TOF) of 343.3 min^?1, while Ru@Al₂O₃ yielded a TOF of 87.5 min^?1 at the room temperature. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Amberlyst-15 supporting effect on ruthenium metal leads an increase in the hydrogen production rate.     

Trans-differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells on decellularized bovine myocardial extracellular matrix-based films

In this study, we aimed at fabricating decellularized bovine myocardial extracellular matrix-based films (dMEbF) for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE). The decellularization process was carried out utilizing four consecutive stages including hypotonic treatment, detergent treatment, enzymatic digestion and decontamination, respectively. In order to fabricate the dMEbF, dBM were digested with pepsin and gelation process was conducted. dMEbF were then crosslinked with N-hydroxysuccinimide/1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (NHS/EDC) to increase their durability. Nuclear contents of native BM and decellularized BM (dBM) tissues were determined with DNA content analysis and agarose-gel electrophoresis. Cell viability on dMEbF for 3rd, 7th, and 14th days was assessed by MTT assay. Cell attachment on dMEbF was also studied by scanning electron microscopy. Trans-differentiation capacity of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) into cardiomyocyte-like cells on dMEbF were also evaluated by histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. DNA contents for native and dBM were, respectively, found as 886.11?±?164.85 and 47.66?±?0.09?ng/mg dry weight, indicating a successful decellularization process. The results of glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline assay, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), performed in order to characterize the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition of native and dBM tissue, showed that the BM matrix was not damaged during the proposed method. Lastly, regarding the histological study, dMEbF not only mimics native ECM, but also induces the stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells phenotype which brings it the potential of use in CTE.