The majority of glacial lakes around the world are located in remote and hardly accessible regions. The use of remote sensing data is therefore of high importance to identify and assess their potential hazards. However, the persistence of cloud cover, particularly in high mountain areas such as the Himalayas, limits the temporal resolution of optical satellite data with which we can monitor potentially dangerous glacial lakes (PDGLs). The ability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites to collect data, irrespective of weather and at day or night, facilitates monitoring of PDGLs by without compromising temporal resolution. In this study, we present a semi-automated approach, based on a radar signal intensity threshold between water and non-water feature classes followed by post-processing including elevations, slopes, vegetation and size thresholds, to delineate glacial lakes in Sentinel-1 SAR images in Bhutan Himalaya. We show the capability of our method to be used for delineating and monitoring glacial lakes in Bhutan Himalaya by comparing our results to 10 m resolution Sentinel-2 multispectral data, field survey data, meteorological data, and a time series of monthly images from January to December 2016 of two lakes. Sentinel-1 SAR data can, moreover, be used for detecting lake surface area changes and open water area variations, at temporal resolution of six days, providing substantial advantages over optical satellite data to continuously monitor PDGLs. 相似文献
Being the most proliferative journal of oncology a cancer research of the past decade, the Open Access journal Oncotarget had reached more than 20,000 publications and a relatively high impact factor score in the past years. In 2018, the journal citation report decided to withdraw the status of an impact factor journal. Since there was a large discussion in the scientific community and specific reasons for the withdrawal were not stated, this bibliometric analysis was performed to assess if Oncotarget exhibits any differences in its bibliometric structure compared to other journals. For this purpose, we used the “New Quality and Quantity Indices in Sciences” platform and analyzed 20,000 Oncotarget articles. Density equalizing mapping technique helps to construct maps of cancer research in Oncotarget and shows that it has led to a unique global landscape which is not asymmetrically dominated by the Western hemisphere but exhibits a publishing architecture with a pronounced emphasis on Chinese articles.
A tubular micromotor with spatially resolved compartments is presented toward efficient site-specific cargo delivery, with a back-end zinc (Zn) propellant engine segment and an upfront cargo-loaded gelatin segment further protected by a pH-responsive cap. The multicompartment micromotors display strong gastric-powered propulsion with tunable lifetime depending on the Zn segment length. Such propulsion significantly enhances the motor distribution and retention in the gastric tissues, by pushing and impinging the front-end cargo segment onto the stomach wall. Once the micromotor penetrates the gastric mucosa (pH ≥ 6.0), its pH-responsive cap dissolves, promoting the autonomous localized cargo release. The fabrication process, physicochemical properties, and propulsion behavior are systematically tested and discussed. Using a mouse model, the multicompartment motors, loaded with a model cargo, demonstrate a homogeneous cargo distribution along with approximately four-fold enhanced retention in the gastric lining compared to monocompartment motors, while showing no apparent toxicity. Therapeutic payloads can also be loaded into the pH-responsive cap, in addition to the gelatin-based compartment, leading to concurrent delivery and sequential release of dual cargos toward combinatorial therapy. Overall, this multicompartment micromotor system provides unique features and advantages that will further advance the development of synthetic micromotors for active transport and localized delivery of biomedical cargos. 相似文献
Journal of Materials Science - Electrical properties of beryllium-alumino-tellurite glasses and glass–ceramics doped with iron ions were studied using impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity... 相似文献
Summary: A fluorine containing hyperbranched polymer was synthesized by modifying an aromatic‐aliphatic hyperbranched polyester with a semifluorinated alcohol via a Mitsunobu reaction and was subsequently used as an additive in cationic photopolymerization of an epoxy resin. The remaining OH groups of the fluorinated hyperbranched polymer interact with the polymeric carbocation through a chain‐transfer mechanism inducing an increase in the final epoxy conversion. The fluorinated HBP induces modification of bulk and surface properties, with an increase in Tg and surface hydrophobicity already reached at very low concentration. The HBFP additive can, therefore, protect the coatings from aggressive solvents, increases hardness, and allows the preparation of a low energy surface coating.
In the present studies a series of anion-exchange resins was synthesized in a microwave field. The 1,6-diaminohexane functionalized resins were obtained in presence of selected organic solvents, N,N-dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The resins were employed in batch and dynamic processes of Au(III), Pt(IV) and Pd(II) sorption from tricomponent systems in 0.1 M HCl. The experiment was designed in a way that allowed to determine the use of a specific solvent in the microwave field and how it impacts on properties of the anion exchangers. An influence of a reaction environment was discussed taking into account i.e., dielectric characteristics of the specific solvent, efficiency of the syntheses processes as well as the maximum sorption capacity of the resins. Ultimately the application of a specific reaction environment was set together with sorption of noble metals ability and evaluated using infrared spectroscopy. The proceeded analyzes allowed to determine which organic solvent from the selected ones is the most suitable for microwave-assisted synthesis of the anion-exchange resins. 相似文献
The authors propose a new technique to analyse a complex process of wet oxidation of excess sewage sludge by separating thermohydrolysis that results in the separation of sewage sludge into hydrolysates: solid and liquid products, from the basic process of oxidation of the two products. Wet oxidation kinetics was studied at different temperatures of both products based on the measurement of total organic carbon during the process with the use of a PARR high-pressure reactor. Decomposition of the liquid product leads to the formation of non-degradable and gaseous final products, while degradation of the solid product-via an intermediate liquid product-also leads to the formation of final and gaseous products. Solution of the kinetic equations that describe the dependence of relative organic carbon concentration on time is well illustrated by experimental results. On the basis of fitting theoretical curves to the experimental results, the kinetic parameters of the process were determined. 相似文献