Measuring the Extent of Prejudicial Pretrial Publicity in Major American Newspapers: A Content Analysis

This study describes a content analysis of 14 American newspapers over an 8-week period, which measured the extent to which potentially prejudicial statements identified in the American Bar Association (ABA, 1983) Model Rules are reported in news stories about crime and criminal defendants. The sources through which such publicity reaches the press were also examined. Results indicated that over one quarter of the suspects described in crime stories are identified in connection with information specifically targeted by the ABA as problematic. Law enforcement officers and prosecutors were most often the sources of potentially prejudicial information about criminal suspects. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the effects of prejudicial publicity on juror decision-making and for the effectiveness of judicial remedies.     

Longitudinal analysis of the genetic and environmental influences on components of cognitive delay in preschoolers.

The etiology of verbal and performance delays were investigated in a large population sample of twins at 2 and 3 years (N?=?2,449 pairs). These data replicate and extend earlier analyses at 2 years (T. C. Eley et al., 1999). Several ways of defining delay were compared, selecting from the lowest 5% of the sample on both verbal (V) and performance (P) measures. V delay with or without P delay was highly heritable (.93 and .62, respectively), whereas P delay without V delay was less heritable (.29), with substantial shared environment influence (.48). Longitudinal genetic analyses indicated substantial heritability of V delay from 2 to 3 years, especially in combination with P delay (.48 and .81, respectively). Similarly, genetic influence on continuity of P delay without V delay was much lower (.22). These results suggest that it is useful to consider the strong genetic contribution to verbal delay regardless of nonverbal impairment in preschoolers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Guidelines for the elimination of sexual harassment.

Presents a summary of the guidelines for the elimination of sexual harassment adopted by the Canadian Psychological Association. The guidelines include a definition of sexual harassment, and they outline the responsibilities of professional psychologists not only to refrain from practicing harassment but also to take responsible action when they know of sexual harassment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dynamic utilization of recent nutritional findings: Diet and cardiovascular disease

The present review focuses on the still controversial area of diet in relation to cardiovascular period. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that a fat‐controlled diet will retard atherogenesis and prevent or delay such complications as coronary heart disease and strokes. The potential benefits, which are great, are assessed in relation to risks that are deemed insignificant. The food industry is capable of translating these broad findings into specific products. This is illustrated by reference to the patent literature. Some important obstacles are highlighted.     

The lipids of the aging human brain

Lipid compositions of the brains of human beings of different ages from 26 to 80 years have been determined by a combination of chromatographic techniques. No significant differences in composition were found among any of the adult agegroups, and it thus appears that the decline in brain weight and function with age is not associated with loss of any particular type of lipid. These studies were supported by Contract AT(04-1) GEN-12 between the Atomic Energy Commission and the University of California. Supported in part by a USPHS Research Career Award (GM-K6-19,177) from the Division of General Medical Sciences.     

Production and bioavailability of calcium and magnesium salts of omega-3 fatty acids

In order to provide an alternative to traditional liquid fish oil gelatin capsules, we developed a solid, powdered form of omega-3 fish oil concentrate by forming calcium- and magnesium-fatty acid salts. These salts were produced using a concentrated fish oil ethyl ester that contained in excess of 60% omega-3 fatty acids. The bioavailability of these omega-3 salts was compared with that of fish oil ethyl ester in mice. Animals were given 8 mg of omega-3 fatty acid ethyl ester concentrate (control), calcium- or magnesium-omega-3 salts daily for three weeks. The omega-3 salt products resulted in omega-3 fatty acid content in serum and red blood cell membranes comparable to that produced by the ethyl ester supplementation. In addition, fecal excretion of omega-3 fatty acids was not increased by the presence of calcium or magnesium. In fact, there was a tendency for less omega-3 fatty acids to be excreted.