Fixation on Wool of Dyes Containing a Maleimide Group

A novel method has been developed for determining the fixation ratio on wool of dyes containing a maleimide group. Amino acid analyses are used to confirm that covalent reaction takes place when dyeing at the boil. This reaction, however, does not account for all the dye fixed on the fibre.     

DETERMINATION OF ALDICARB SULFONE IN HYDROPONICALLY GROWN CUCUMBERS

During a two week period, several residents of a small Nebraska community experienced violent illnesses with short duration following ingestion of locally grown hydroponic cucumbers (Goes et al. 1979). Approximately a year later during another two week period, a second similar outbreak occurred. In each incident those who ingested hydroponic cucumbers experienced similar illnesses. All of the cucumbers were grown at the same greenhouse. The carbamate insecticide aldicarb, was detected in some cucumbers grown at the hydroponic greenhouse.
The aldicarb was determined as aldicarb sulfone (a metabolite) by gas chromatography employing a flame photometric detector (FPD) with a 394 mμ filter selective for sulfur-containing compounds. Separate calibration curves, derived from aldicarb sulfone, are required for the quantitation.     

Biological Evaluation of Protein Quality of Radiation-Pasteurized Haddock, Flounder and Crab

SUMMARY— The effects of radiation sub-sterilization or heat-treatment on the protein quality of haddock, crab and flounder were evaluated by determining the protein efficiency ratio (PER). The PER value of haddock radiated at either level was statistically equal to that of non-radiated haddock. The PER value of crab radiated at either level was statistically equal to non-radiated crab in one replication and significantly higher than non-radiated crab in another replication. The PER value of flounder radiated at the low level was significantly less than that of non-radiated flounder, whereas the PER value of flounder radiated at the high level was statistically equal to that of non-radiated flounder. Low PER values were obtained for heat-treated marine products and these values were significantly lower than those for all other marine product treatments investigated. The protein quality of haddock, crab and flounder was not significantly changed as a result of radiation pasteurization.     

Kinetics of Malvidin-3-Glucoside Condensation in Wine Model Systems

Wine model systems containing equimolar quantities of malvidin-3-glucoside and d-catechin, with and without acetaldehyde, were stored anaerobically at 22, 32, 42, and 52°C. Malvidin-3-glucoside and d-catechin disappearance and polymer appearance were monitored by HPLC and colorimetric methods. Reaction rates and activation energies were calculated. The malvidin-3-glucoside and d-catechin condensation reactions showed pseudo first order kinetics both with and without the presence of acetaldehyde. However, activation energies were not significantly different.     

The parallel downhill simplex algorithm for unconstrained optimisation

In this paper we present a parallel implementation of a well-known heuristic optimisation algorithm (the downhill simplex algorithm developed by Nelder and Mead in 1965) which is well suited for unconstrained optimisation. We present the sequential algorithm as well as the parallel algorithm which we used to generate numerical results. They include numerical results of experiments on neural networks and a test suite of functions which demonstrate the parallel algorithm's increased robustness and convergence rate for high-dimensional problems compared to the sequential algorithm. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Examining Methods to Test Factor Patterns for Concordance

To test whether the individual factor patterns of panelists and the panel factor pattern agreed, five grades of tea of the same type, ranging from low to high quality were studied. When a likelihood-ratio (LR) test and cluster analysis (CA) were applied to the 55-term correlation matrices of the seven individual panelists, according to the LR test only two of the matrices were homogeneous, but the CA test grouped all the matrices into the same cluster. The study demonstrated that the correlation matrices of the individual panelists or factor patterns themselves should be examined for agreement among panelists when factor analysis is used.     

HOMEOWNERSHIP AND NEIGHBORHOOD SATISFACTION AMONG LOW‐ AND MODERATE‐INCOME HOUSEHOLDS

ABSTRACT: Most research on homeownership is conducted on nationally representative samples of homeowners and fails to isolate the unique experience of low‐ and moderate‐income (LMI) homeowners. Given the interest of policymakers in promoting homeownership among LMI households over the past 20 years, along with the apparent role played by risky borrowers—many of whom are low‐income—in the current housing market crisis, it is important to evaluate both economic and social outcomes for this subgroup of homeowners. Using a matched set of LMI owners and renters in the 2007 Community Advantage Program (CAP) panel, we assess the effect of homeownership on neighborhood satisfaction. By including various individual and neighborhood characteristics as covariates, we employ multilevel modeling and propensity score matching to address the nested structure of the data and endogeneity issues. Findings indicate that homeownership is an important predictor of neighborhood satisfaction among LMI households, even when controlling for a host of socioeconomic, demographic, and neighborhood characteristics. This may suggest that homeownership can serve as a viable way to improve neighborhood satisfaction among LMI households. This is important as neighborhood satisfaction is highly associated with overall quality of life.     

TEXTURE MEASUREMENT IN MEAT BY SENSORY EVALUATION*

Various sensory evaluation methods have been used to measure texture in meat. While some methods are more suitable than others, more work must be done before any one can be recommended as a standard method. Other aspects which require special attention are cooking of samples, selection of reference samples and the multicomponent nature of texture.