Managing supply systems with partial information on shipment locations

This paper studies a supply system for a retailer who orders a single product from one manufacturer. Orders filled by the manufacturer pass through multiple transportation stages before reaching the retailer. Each stage represents either a physical location or a step in the delivery process. The lead time for a new order depends on the location of shipments against prior orders in transit. Shipments are not allowed to cross over in time. Thus, the movement of each shipment depends on the movements of shipments ahead of it and the resulting congestion. The retailer is able to track shipments as they move through the transportation channel. The retailer adopts an ordering policy that minimises the sum of his one-period holding and shortage costs, using available status information of shipments already in transit. The case where practical constraints prevent the retailer from obtaining a complete status of shipments at all stages in the transportation channel is considered. The methodology developed evaluates the value of partial shipment tracking information, and uses it to determine the optimal placement of a limited number of tracking devices. The methodology can also be used to evaluate the cost–benefit of placing additional tracking devices in the supply system.     

Exponentially Accurate Approximations to Periodic Lipschitz Functions Based on Fourier Series Partial Sums

The problem of accurately reconstructing a piecewise smooth. 2-periodic function f and its first few derivatives, given only a truncated Fourier series representation of f, is studied and solved. The reconstruction process is divided into two steps. In the first step, the first 2N + 1 Fourier coefficients of f are used to approximate the locations and magnitudes of the discontinuities in f and its first M derivatives. This is accomplished by first finding initial estimates of these quantities based on certain properties of Gibbs phenomenon, and then refining these estimates by fitting the asymptotic form of the Fourier coefficients to the given coefficients using a least-squares approach. The locations of the singularities are approximated to within O(N ^–M–2), and the associated jump of the kth derivative of f is approximated to within O(N ^–M–1+k ), as N , and the method is robust. These estimates are then used with a class of singular basis functions, which have certain built-in singularities, to construct a new sequence of approximations to f. Each of these new approximations is the sum of a piecewise smooth function and a new Fourier series partial sum. When N is proportional to M, it is shown that these new approximations, and their derivatives, converge exponentially in the maximum norm to f, and its corresponding derivatives, except in the union of a finite number of small open intervals containing the points of singularity of f. The total measure of these intervals decreases exponentially to zero as M . The technique is illustrated with several examples.     

气象预警管理系统在宁夏农村防灾减灾中的应用

以LED电子屏和语音大喇叭的气象预警管理系统在宁夏农村防灾减灾建设中的研究为背景,介绍该系统的结构、功能和特点,以及使用中存在的问题和对策等.该气象预警管理系统基于C/S架构,结合了LED气象预警电子屏终端和语音大喇叭,主要实现面向LED电子屏及大喇叭的气象预报、预警信息编辑、录入、审核、发布与GPRS终端管理等功能,为宁夏农村气象信息服务和防灾减灾服务提供安全、快捷、有效的发布管理平台.     

Microstructures of pure nickel induced by high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation

The characteristics of surface feature and microstructure of the near-surface of nickel were investigated after high current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) irradiation. Based on a physical model, the temperature profile was simulated. The depth of heat-affected zone, the initial melting position, heating rate and quenching rate were computed. The initial coarse-grained structure on the surface was refined, of which the size is about 70 nm. The TEM observations indicate that dislocation wall, sub-dislocation wall, twin and twin boundary steps were achieved on the surface of material after HCPEB irradiation. Furthermore, huge numbers of vacancy defect clusters including dislocation loops, stacking fault tetrahedras (SFT) and voids were also formed within the sublayer of the irradiated surface. The fact that supersaturation vacancies migrated towards the surface along grain boundaries and/or various dislocation configurations led to the formation of microporous feature on the irradiated surface.     

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of a Metakaolin-Based Inorganic Polymer Mortar Reinforced with Quartz Sand

Silicon - The synthesis, mechanical behaviour, and microstructure of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar reinforced with quartz sand are presented in this investigation. Fine sand (quartz sand)...     

Ti(C,N)含量和烧结温度对梯度硬质合金脱β层厚度的影响

以Ti(C,N)为N源,在脱氮气氛下烧结制备WC-TiC-Ti(C,N)-TaC-NbC-Co硬质合金,研究Ti(C,N)含量和烧结温度对脱β层厚度及合金微观组织与性能的影响。结果表明:随Ti(C,N)的质量分数从0.5%增加到1.5%,脱β层厚度持续增大。随烧结温度升高,脱β层厚度增大,增大的幅度随Ti(C,N)含量增加而增大。合金的密度、硬度和矫顽磁力不受Ti(C,N)含量的影响,但随烧结温度升高,合金的硬度降低、矫顽磁力变小、WC平均晶粒尺寸增大且直边化。脱β层中无明显的WC晶粒异常长大现象,脱β层厚度由Ti的扩散和N含量决定。     

番茄红素在化妆品中的应用展望

番茄红素作为一种天然类胡萝卜素,其猝灭单线态氧和清除自由基能力是最强的,在医药、食品、和化妆品中起着重要作用。文章就番茄红素的抗氧化性及其在对皮肤的紫外光保护、面部防衰老、化妆品的着色、增加化妆品中的某些特殊功能用途进行了概括论述,针对番茄红素应用于化妆品中遇到的困难提出了可能解决的方法,最后对番茄红素在防晒用品、护肤品等化妆品行业中的应用进行展望。     

S100A4蛋白在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨甲状腺乳头状癌中S100A4蛋白的表达,分析其与甲状腺乳头状癌发生及淋巴结转移的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学SP法检测50例甲状腺乳头状癌组织、14例甲状腺腺瘤组织、26例结节性甲状腺肿组织和10例正常甲状腺组织中S100A4蛋白的表达。结果甲状腺乳头状癌中S100A4蛋白的阳性表达率为78.00%,明显高于甲状腺腺瘤组织、结节性甲状腺肿组织及正常甲状腺组织(P<0.05);S100A4蛋白在癌组织中的表达与甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05)。结论 S100A4蛋白的高表达与甲状腺乳头状癌的发生发展和淋巴结转移密切相关,其检测有助于鉴别甲状腺良恶性病变,并预测肿瘤的发展和预后。     

东昆仑埃坑地区磷灰石裂变径迹年代学及构造意义

东昆仑位于青藏高原北部,埃坑地区处在东昆仑昆中和昆南断裂带之间。通过对该区域5个磷灰石样品分析,获得其裂变径迹年龄分别为（99±10）、（103±9）、（80±6）、（98±6）、（65±5） Ma。埃坑地区热历史可分为3个阶段：第1阶段（160~58 Ma）持续隆升,对应羌塘地块与拉萨地块向欧亚板块的拼贴作用;第2阶段（58~35 Ma）快速隆升,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞导致埃坑强烈隆起;第3阶段（35 Ma至今）,构造活动较弱,未受青藏高原新近纪以来热事件影响。该地区5个样品的隆升量分别为3374、3283、3230、3157、3278 m,平均隆升量为3264 m,平均隆升速率为0.038 mm/a。