全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4955篇 |
免费 | 363篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 72篇 |
化学工业 | 1323篇 |
金属工艺 | 99篇 |
机械仪表 | 180篇 |
建筑科学 | 189篇 |
矿业工程 | 9篇 |
能源动力 | 173篇 |
轻工业 | 795篇 |
水利工程 | 38篇 |
石油天然气 | 27篇 |
无线电 | 319篇 |
一般工业技术 | 769篇 |
冶金工业 | 504篇 |
原子能技术 | 23篇 |
自动化技术 | 801篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 15篇 |
2023年 | 49篇 |
2022年 | 103篇 |
2021年 | 218篇 |
2020年 | 158篇 |
2019年 | 204篇 |
2018年 | 174篇 |
2017年 | 193篇 |
2016年 | 202篇 |
2015年 | 157篇 |
2014年 | 238篇 |
2013年 | 373篇 |
2012年 | 273篇 |
2011年 | 355篇 |
2010年 | 270篇 |
2009年 | 276篇 |
2008年 | 218篇 |
2007年 | 217篇 |
2006年 | 176篇 |
2005年 | 137篇 |
2004年 | 127篇 |
2003年 | 102篇 |
2002年 | 97篇 |
2001年 | 63篇 |
2000年 | 84篇 |
1999年 | 50篇 |
1998年 | 130篇 |
1997年 | 105篇 |
1996年 | 77篇 |
1995年 | 66篇 |
1994年 | 49篇 |
1993年 | 57篇 |
1992年 | 29篇 |
1991年 | 27篇 |
1990年 | 27篇 |
1989年 | 26篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 24篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有5321条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Castro S.T. Laicer 《Polymer》2007,48(5):1316-1328
The detailed nanostructure of composites formed from block copolymers and nanoparticles is known to depend sensitively on the preferred morphology of the block copolymer, on the shapes of the particles, and on interactions between the two components. But it can also depend on the kinetics of self-assembly in the polymer, and there are circumstances under which the kinetics of morphologically selective domain nucleation and growth determine the overall nanostructure of the composite. To study the mechanism of morphological seeding in block-copolymer nanocomposites, we have combined cylinder phases of polystyrene-block-polyisoprene diblock (as a solution in dibutylphthalate) and poly(styrene-block-isoprene-block-styrene) triblock (as a blend with homopolystyrene) copolymers with gold nanorods of different diameters and surface treatments. Polarized optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy on these composites demonstrate that the nanorods selectively nucleate coaxial domains of copolymer cylinders (i.e., domains of cylinders aligned along the same axis as the nanorod). These single nucleation events occur regardless of nanorod diameter and surface character, and determine the order of most of the surrounding polymer. Mesoscale modeling of the nucleation process, performed with nanorods of different diameters and with different polymer-surface interactions, illustrates the mechanism by which copolymer-dispersed nanorods with different sizes and surface chemistry can template the organization of cylindrical copolymer domains. 相似文献
82.
Rgia Maria Cordeiro Brito Alzir Azevedo Batista Javier Ellena Eduardo E. Castellano Izaura Cirino Nogueira Digenes Luiz Gonzaga de Frana Lopes Jackson Rodrigues de Sousa Ícaro de Sousa Moreira 《Inorganic chemistry communications》2007,10(12):1515-1517
The cis-[Ru(dppb)(Me-bipy)(NCS)2], dppb = 1,4-bis (diphenylphosphino)butane, Me-bipy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, and NCS = thiocyanate, was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques and its structure was determined by crystal X-ray analysis. The crystal structure reveals that the coordination geometry around the Ru(II) center is distorted octahedron where two molecules of thiocyanate are bonded to the ruthenium through nitrogen atom in cis orientation. The half-wave formal potential value E1/2 = 0.8 V (versus Ag/AgCl) observed is considerable higher than that for the cis-[RuCl2(dppb)(Me-bipy)] complex, E1/2 = 0.6 V (versus Ag/AgCl), well illustrating the strong π-acceptor effect the NCS ligand toward the backbonding interaction with the Ru(II) metal center. The MLCT absorption bands of the thiocyanate complex present a higher molar absorptivity (about 12%) compared with the cis-[RuCl2(dppb)(Me-bipy)] complex, in the same experimental conditions. These properties make the complex potentially promising for the photosensitization process. 相似文献
83.
Delba N.C. Melo Eduardo C. Vasco De Toledo Marcela M. Santos Salah D.M. Hasan Maria Regina Wolf Maciel Rubens Maciel Filho 《Computers & Chemical Engineering》2005,29(11-12):2485
In order to develop and test the integration procedure, in this paper a real time process integration involving the optimization and control of the process is presented, in this case, with the two-layer approach. The used optimization algorithms were Levenberg–Marquardt and SQP that solve a non-linear least square problem subject to bounds on the variables. The two-layer approach is a hierarchical control structure where an optimization layer calculates the set points and manipulated variables to the advanced controller, which is based on the dynamic matrix control with constraints (QDMC). The non-isothermal dynamic model of the three-phase slurry catalytic reactor with appropriate solution procedure was utilized in this work (Vasco de Toledo, E. C., Santana, P. L., Maciel, M. R. W., & Maciel Filho, R. (2001). Dynamic modeling of a three-phase catalytic slurry reactor. Chemical Engineering Science, 56, 6055–6061). The model consists on mass and heat balance equations for the catalyst particles as well as for the bulk phases of gas and liquid. The model was used to describe the dynamic behavior of hydrogenation reaction of o-cresol to obtain 2-methil-cyclohexanol, in the presence of a catalyst Ni/SiO2. 相似文献
84.
David Alonso-Ríos Eduardo Mosqueira-Rey Vicente Moret-Bonillo 《International journal of human-computer interaction》2014,30(7):585-603
Usability studies are often based on ad hoc definitions of usability. These studies can be difficult to generalize, they might have a steep learning curve, and there is always the danger of being inconsistent with the concept of usability as defined in standards and the literature. This alternative approach involves comprehensive, general-purpose, and hierarchically structured taxonomies that follow closely the main usability literature. These taxonomies are then instantiated for a specific product. To illustrate this approach, a usability study for a prototype of an Intelligent Speed Adaptation device is described. The usability study consists of usability requirements analysis, heuristic evaluation, and subjective analysis, which helped identify problems of clarity, operability, robustness, safety, and aesthetics. As a context-specific usability taxonomy for this particular field of application happened to exist, the way that real-world usability results can be mapped to that taxonomy compared to the taxonomy in this article is examined, with the argument that this study’s taxonomy is more complete and generalizable. 相似文献
85.
George Teodoro Eduardo Valle Nathan Mariano Ricardo Torres Wagner Meira Jr Joel H. Saltz 《The VLDB Journal The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases》2014,23(3):427-448
Similarity search in high-dimensional spaces is a pivotal operation for several database applications, including online content-based multimedia services. With the increasing popularity of multimedia applications, these services are facing new challenges regarding (1) the very large and growing volumes of data to be indexed/searched and (2) the necessity of reducing the response times as observed by end-users. In addition, the nature of the interactions between users and online services creates fluctuating query request rates throughout execution, which requires a similarity search engine to adapt to better use the computation platform and minimize response times. In this work, we address these challenges with Hypercurves, a flexible framework for answering approximate k-nearest neighbor (kNN) queries for very large multimedia databases. Hypercurves executes in hybrid CPU–GPU environments and is able to attain massive query-processing rates through the cooperative use of these devices. Hypercurves also changes its CPU–GPU task partitioning dynamically according to the observed load, aiming for optimal response times. In our empirical evaluation, dynamic task partitioning reduced query response times by approximately 50 % compared to the best static task partition. Due to a probabilistic proof of equivalence to the sequential kNN algorithm, the CPU–GPU execution of Hypercurves in distributed (multi-node) environments can be aggressively optimized, attaining superlinear scalability while still guaranteeing, with high probability, results at least as good as those from the sequential algorithm. 相似文献
86.
Very long chain (VLC) PUFA of the n−6 and n−3 series are known to occur in mammalian testis. The aim of this work was to characterize
further two testicular lipid classes with VLCPUFA, cholesterol esters (CE) and total triglycerides (TG) in rat and mouse testis.
The VLCPUFA predominating in these lipids were a series of n−6 pentaenes and tetraenes with 24 to 32 carbons, including small
amounts of odd-chain PUFA, 28∶5n−6 and 24∶5n−6 prevailing in CE and TG, respectively. Most of the VLCPUFA of TG were concentrated
in a small fraction of TG, made up by 1-O-alkyl-2,3-DAG. This TG subclass was absent altogether from the TG of sexually immature testis. The TG and the CE with VLCPUFA
only occurred in testis of adult fertile animals. The proportion of VLCPUFA in total TG and CE was higher in rodents than
in other mammals. In the n−6 PUFA-rich adult mouse testis, the amounts of testicular triacylglycerols decreased significantly
after consumption of fish oil for 2 wk. Whereas 18∶2n−6 was significantly reduced, the amounts of 22∶5n−6 and longer n−6 PUFA
were less affected in all mamor testicular lipids including PC and PE, where they were unchanged. The 1-O-alkyl-2,3-DAG and their n−6 VLCPUFA were virtually unaffected by the diet. The VLCPUFA-containing molecular species of CE
and TG may represent a form of storage of cholesterol and polyenoic FA required to sustain spermatogenesis. Via chain-shortening, VLCPUFA stored in the neutral lipids may serve as precursors of the major C22 PUFA typical of cell membrane glycerophospholipids, protecting testicular cells against shifts in FA composition induced
by dietary changes. 相似文献
87.
Eduardo Arias-Marín Luis F. Ramos De Valle Oliverio Rodríguez-Fernndez Jesús Rodríguez-Velzquez 《乙烯基与添加剂工艺杂志》1995,1(4):217-222
The effect of elemental sulfur (S8) and tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) on the chemical crosslinking of PVC is studied. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and gel content of crosslinked and uncrosslinked PVC molded samples, cured at different times in hot air, are evaluated. It was found that crosslinking PVC with TMTD improves its mechanical properties, and adding S8 produces a slight improvement. Also, the S8 presence accelerated the PVC/TMTD crosslinking reaction when the crosslinking reaction was carried out under shear forces, but not when the curing was done in hot air, where the S8 retards the process. 相似文献
88.
Three samples of LaCoO3 were prepared by two different methods and calcined at 800 or 1000 °C. They had BET areas of 1, 12, and 16 m2/g and all of them showed pure perovskite X-ray diffraction patterns with identical unit cell dimensions. In a series of experiments the oxide, having larger surface area, was stepwise reduced in hydrogen at temperatures between 60 and 500 °C. The XPS spectra, taken at room temperature after evacuation at 400 °C at each reduction level, showed that the surface concentration of Co° was very low up to 300 °C but increased sharply between 300 and 350 °C (9–75%). This concentration further increased to 100% after 10 min reduction at 450 °C, but upon heating in hydrogen for an additional 10 min at 500 °C it decreased again to 75%. In another series of experiments the mixed oxide was reoxidized after each reduction. A fresh sample was reduced to 350 and 400 °C by contacting with hydrogen for 1 hr and evacuated at temperatures between 400 and 500 °C. Both high evacuation temperatures and reduction at 400 °C during 1 hr produced a sharp decrease in Co° surface concentration. These results are consistent with the catalytic behavior of this perovskite reported earlier by E. A. Lombardo et al. (4–7). A model is proposed to interpret the reduction of LaCoO3. 相似文献
89.
A. A. Castro 《Catalysis Letters》1993,22(1-2):123-133
Selective dehydrogenation of high molecular weight linear paraffins is an important process step for the production of biodegradable detergents. Pt, PtSn, PtGe and PtPb supported on -A12O3 doped with alkaline metals were characterized and tested in then-decane dehydrogenation reaction. When alkaline metals are added to Pt/Al2O3 a promoting effect on the selectivity to olefins in then-decane dehydrogenation is observed. Regarding PtSn/Al2O3 -doped catalysts their performance depends on the alkaline metal used as dopant, the Sn content and the preparation method. Moreover these bimetallic catalysts show a better olefin yield and a lower selectivity to gases and aromatics than the monometallic platinum catalysts. PtGe and PtPb based catalysts have an analogous behavior to the PtSn one but its selectivity to olefins is lower. 相似文献
90.
M. I. Viseu C. A. Nieto de Castro S. M. B. Costa 《International Journal of Thermophysics》1991,12(2):323-331
Diffusion coefficients of the electron acceptor dye tetrazolium blue were measured by the Taylor dispersion method, with an accuracy better than 4%, in two solvents: (i) a homogeneous one-aqueous phosphate buffer, 0.1 M, pH=7.0 (medium I); and (ii) a heterogeneous one-nonionic micelles of Triton X-100, 2.0 mM (where M stands for mol·dm–3), in the same aqueous phosphate buffer (medium II). The values obtained were D
12
I
=3.64×10–10m2·s–1 and D
12
II
=3.01×10–10m2·s–1·D
12
II
has the meaning of a macroscopird or average diffusion coefficient, in which the partition coefficient of tetrazolium blue between micelles and water, as well as the diffusion coefficients of this dye and of the micelles in the aqueous phase, are involved. 相似文献