Marquis-K cultivar standard for wheat gliadin electrophoresis

Gliadins from single kernels and bulk samples (1 g) of the common wheat cultivar Marquis grown in different years and from different seed sources were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gliadin electrophoregrams from inbred stocks of Marquis derived from a single-plant selection propagated over a period of 13 years were identical. Single seed analysis indicated differences in gliadin composition of Marquis obtained from different sources. It is recommended that the inbred stock referred to as Marquis-K be adopted as the standard for this cultivar.     

Total and local heat transfer from a smooth circular cylinder in cross-flow at high reynolds number

The total and local heat transfer from a smooth circular cylinder to the cross flow of air has been measured over the Reynolds number range 3 × 10⁴ < Re < 4 × 10⁶. The interaction between flow and heat transfer is discussed. In particular, the boundary-layer effects on the heat transfer, such as transition from laminar to turbulent flow or boundary-layer separation, are considered in conjunction with the distributions of local static pressure and skin friction.     

Scalable Symmetry Detection for Urban Scenes

In this paper, we present a novel method for detecting partial symmetries in very large point clouds of 3D city scans. Unlike previous work, which has only been demonstrated on data sets of a few hundred megabytes maximum, our method scales to very large scenes: We map the detection problem to a nearest‐neighbour problem in a low‐dimensional feature space, and follow this with a cascade of tests for geometric clustering of potential matches. Our algorithm robustly handles noisy real‐world scanner data, obtaining a recognition performance comparable to that of state‐of‐the‐art methods. In practice, it scales linearly with scene size and achieves a high absolute throughput, processing half a terabyte of scanner data overnight on a dual socket commodity PC.     

Versatile divider circuits up to 9 GHz input-frequency realised in high-speed BICMOS

A versatile divider circuit with three dividing ratios of 2:1, 5:1 and 10:1 was realised in a high speed BICMOS technology, which is characterised by a cut-off frequency of 10.5 GHz and a minimum ECL gate delay time of 50 ps. The maximum input frequencies of the divider circuits are 7.5 and 9 GHz.<>     

Stiffness analysis of tibia-implant system under cyclic loading

A testing method has been developed to characterize stiffness and permanent deformation of bone-implant systems. The system consists of an artificial tibia with simulated distal fracture stabilized by an unreamed intramedullary nail. This system was loaded with three different sequences at 2 Hz, each consisting of 40,000 sinusoidal cycles, simulating clinical relevant loading conditions. Evaluation of the results showed a stiffness of 2782 N/mm with a standard deviation of 311 N/mm and a permanent deformation of 0.64 mm with a standard deviation of 0.21 mm. The locking screws broke exclusively during the third loading sequence starting with the most proximal of the distal screws. The study provides a standard technique for biomechanical testing and a comparison of different bone/implant-systems avoiding the variability of cadaver bone tests.     

A numerical model for fluid injection induced seismicity at Soultz-sous-Forêts

During fluid injection experiments at the geothermal site of Soultz-sous-Forêts (France), more than 114,000 induced seismic events with magnitudes between ?2.0 and +2.9 were detected by a local downhole monitoring network. Of these, 35,039 events are sufficiently constrained to be located. Hypocenters align along a sub-vertical, planar structure with the apparent width being dominated by data scattering indicating that seismic activity predominantly occurs along a (pre-existing) larger scale fault structure. For this scenario, we present a numerical model to simulate hydraulic overpressures and induced seismicity during hydraulic injection. The numerical model is based on the physical processes of fluid pressure and stress diffusion with triggering of the induced seismicity being controlled by Coulomb friction.Even in its simplest form of a fault zone without any structural heterogeneity, the numerical model reproduces typical observations at Soultz-sous-Forêts, such as number and magnitude of induced events, hypocenter locations (including the Kaiser effect), occurrence of post-injection seismicity, and the largest magnitude event occurring several days after shut-in.     

Wood‐Plastic‐Composites: Rheologische Charakterisierung und Füllverhalten im Spritzgießprozess

Wood‐plastic composites (WPC) show a complex and completely different material and flow behavior in comparison to pure polymers. Especially the flow behavior is very important for the processing of these composites. In the following article results of rheological characterization and investigations of the filling behavior during the injection molding process are presented. Furthermore, appearing challenges and possible methods of resolution are discussed.     

Dietary and host-related factors influencing carotenoid bioaccessibility from spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

Several dietary and host related factors potentially influencing carotenoid (beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin) bioaccessibility from spinach, including different concentrations of sodium, calcium and magnesium, were systematically investigated by means of an in vitro digestion model. Bioaccessibility was highest when milk (4% fat) and lowest when skimmed milk or more complex food matrices such as sausage were added to the meal. Micellarisation significantly depended on the presence and concentration of bile salts and pancreatin (p < 0.001, Bonferroni) but was unaffected by pepsin. Micellarisation significantly decreased to 61.4 ± 3.0% of control (p < 0.001, Dunnett’s) at high cholesterol (114 mg/test meal) but not at similar stigmasterol concentrations. Calcium and magnesium ?13.8 mM individually inhibited micelle formation ( >40% on average), presumably due to the generation of insoluble soaps with fatty acids and bile salts. Increased sodium concentrations (280 and 460 mM) altered carotenoid micellarisation patterns, favoring beta-carotene isomers (p < 0.001, Bonferroni) but decreasing lutein and zeaxanthin (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively, Bonferroni). This study suggests that minerals may impact carotenoid bioavailability.     

Casting process and comparison of the properties of adapted load-sensitive magnesium alloys

Magnetic magnesium alloys can be utilized as a load sensitive material, in which the inverse magnetostrictive effect is used in order to measure the actual loads in structural components manufactured from such lightweight sensor alloys. To achieve a material which exhibits magnetic properties, Mg is alloyed with ferromagnetic materials like cobalt or samarium-cobalt. Alloying elements commonly used with Mg are utilized to improve the mechanical properties of these alloys, which however may have a slight negative impact on the magnetic sensitivity. In this work, two separate magnetic Mg alloys are compared, each with properties matched to the opposing requirements: (a) high load sensitivity and (b) satisfactory mechanical properties, respectively. The precipitation behavior of the ferromagnetic constituent Co in Mg together with other alloying elements is shown on the basis of SEM images. In addition, the dissolving behavior of the Co powder during the casting process of a binary Mg–Co alloy is investigated. Cyclic loading tests employing harmonic analyses of eddy current signals are utilized in order to verify the alloys’ sensory properties. The mechanical properties are investigated using tensile tests.