The coding of consultation verbalizations: How much is enough?

Examined how much of a consultation case needs to be coded before reliable and accurate estimates of interactionally defined variables are obtained. 10 behavioral consultation cases were coded according to the L. E. Rogers and R. V. France (1975) coding system incorporating W. P. Erchul's (see record 1988-21534-001) modifications. Values for 10 consultants and 10 consultees on the variables dominance and domineeringness were calculated for 12 time samples. Three sampling plans were judged acceptable for dominance, and 9 for domineeringness. For the variables examined, coding only the initial interview proved a viable sampling strategy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Grenzgebiete der Lebensmittelwissenschaft

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Repeatability of patellar cartilage thickness patterns in the living, using a fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging sequence with short acquisition time and three-dimensional data processing

Twenty-two patients with large nonossifying fibromas (NOFs) in weight-bearing bones were studied to evaluate risk of pathologic fracture. Previous reports suggest an absolute size threshold for NOFs beyond which there is a reasonable chance of impending fracture. In this series, 13 (59%) large NOFs had not had pathologic fracture despite exceeding the previously established size threshold. Four of the patients had fractures of the long bone in which the NOF was located without the fracture involving the lesion. In the nine (41%) patients in whom pathologic fracture occurred, healing was uneventful after closed reduction and cast immobilization. Whereas absolute size parameters may be useful in predicting pathologic fracture rate, they do not imply a requirement for prophylactic curettage and bone grafting. The majority of patients with large NOFs can be monitored without surgical intervention, and fractures can be successfully managed with nonoperative treatment.     

Die Zusammensetzung der Triglyceride von Kuhmilch und Humanmilch

Triglyceride Composition of Bovine and Human Milk The triglyceride composition in the fat portion of bovine milk (winter and summer) and mature human milk was calculated from the HPLC partition number and from the carbon number and fatty acid pattern in the HPLC fractions. The triglycerides identified (122 in bovine milk, 94 in human milk) and their contents in the HPLC fractions are tabulated.     

Bovine haemoglobin is more potent than autologous red blood cells in restoring muscular tissue oxygenation after profound isovolaemic haemodilution in dogs

PURPOSE: This study compares the effects of stored red cells, freshly donated blood and ultrapurified polymerized bovine haemoglobin (HBOC) on haemodynamic variables, oxygen transport capacity and muscular tissue oxygenation after acute and almost complete isovolaemic haemodilution in a canine model. METHODS: Following randomization to one of three groups, 24 anaesthetized Foxhounds underwent isovolaemic haemodilution with 6% hetastarch to haematocrit levels of 20%, 15% and 10% before they received isovolaemic stepwise augmentation of 1 g.dl-1 haemoglobin. In Group 1, animals were given autologous stored red cells which they had donated three weeks before. In Group 2, animals received freshly donated blood harvested during haemodilution. In Group 3, animals were infused with HBOC. Skeletal muscle tissue oxygen tension was measured with a polarographic 12 mu needle probe. RESULTS: In all groups, heart rate and cardiac index were increased with decreasing vascular resistance during haemodilution (P < 0.05). Haemodynamic variables showed a reversed trend during transfusion when compared to haemodilution but remained below baseline (P < 0.05). Arterial and venous oxygen content were changed in parallel to changes of haematocrit and haemoglobin concentrations but were lower in Group 3 than in Groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05) during transfusion. In contrast, the oxygen extraction ratio was higher in Group 3 (59 +/- 8%, P < 0.01) at the end of transfusion than in Group 1 (37 +/- 13%) and 2 (32 +/- 5%). In Group 3, mean tissue oxygen tension increased from 16 +/- 5 mmHg after haemodilution to 56 +/- 11 mmHg after transfusion (P < 0.01) and was higher than in Group 1 (41 +/- 9, P < 0.01) and Group 2 (29 +/- 11, P < 0.01). While in Group 3 an augmentation of 0.7 g.dl-1 haemoglobin resulted in restoring baseline tissue oxygenation, higher doses of 2.7 g.dl-1 and 2.1 g.dl-1 were needed in Groups 1 and 2 to reach this level (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The results show a higher oxygenation potential of HBOC than with autologous stored red cells because of a more pronounced oxygen extraction.     

Safety concept and operational criteria of a nuclear process heat plant

A plant design of a high-temperature nuclear reactor (HTR) of 500 MW(th) coupled with two coal gasification lines has been developed (PNP-500). The general objective of the safety concept is to maintain the same high standard as that developed for conventional nuclear power plants. As burnable gases are transported within the primary circuit of the reactor, the containment building and in close proximity outside of the containment, novel safety considerations are arising. The related safety concepts and the results of experiments with exploding gases are discussed. Also specific operating criteria are discussed which are due to the coupling between a nuclear reactor and the two gasification lines.     

Effects of sufentanil on cerebral hemodynamics and intracranial pressure in patients with brain injury

BACKGROUND: The current study investigates the effects of sufentanil on cerebral blood flow velocity and intracranial pressure (ICP) in 30 patients with intracranial hypertension after severe brain trauma (Glasgow coma scale < 6). METHODS: Mechanical ventilation (FIO2 0.25-0.4) was adjusted to maintain arterial carbon dioxide tensions of 28-30 mmHg. Continuous infusion of midazolam (200 micrograms/kg/h intravenous) and fentanyl (2 micrograms/kg/h intravenous) was used for sedation. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP, mmHg) was adjusted using norepinephrine infusion (1-5 micrograms/min). Mean blood flow velocity (Vmean, cm/s) was measured in the middle cerebral artery using a 2-MHz transcranial Doppler sonography system. ICP (mmHg) was measured using an epidural probe. After baseline measurements, a bolus of 3 micrograms/kg sufentanil was injected, and all parameters were continuously recorded for 30 min. The patients were assigned retrospectively to the following groups according to their blood pressure responses to sufentanil: group 1, MAP decrease of less than 10 mmHg, and group 2, MAP decrease of more than 10 mmHg. RESULTS: Heart rate, arterial blood gases, and esophageal temperature did not change over time in all patients. In 18 patients, MAP did not decrease after sufentanil (group 1). In 12 patients, sufentanil decreased MAP > 10 mmHg from baseline despite norepinephrine infusion (group 2). ICP was constant in patients with maintained MAP (group 1) but was significantly increased in patients with decreased MAP. Vmean did not change with sufentanil injection regardless of changes in MAP. CONCLUSIONS: The current data show that sufentanil (3 micrograms/kg intravenous) has no significant effect on middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and ICP in patients with brain injury, intracranial hypertension, and controlled MAP. However, transient increases in ICP without changes in middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity may occur concomitant with decreases in MAP. This suggests that increases in ICP seen with sufentanil may be due to autoregulatory decreases in cerebral vascular resistance secondary to systemic hypotension.     

Cardiac pacemaker therapy. Experiences at the Surgical University Clinic Duesseldorf 1961 up to 1974 (author's transl)]

The development of pacemaker technology, indications, and the surgical techniques of implantation are shortly reviewed. The surgical group reports about clinical experiences with 3273 operative procedures using cardiac pacemakers of different manufactors from 1961 until 1974. The last period of pacemaker therapy (1970-1974) is specifically analyzed. A differentiation of the operative procedures was carried out: 804 new implantations, 818 exchange and 239 revision operations. A series of possible complications is listed up. The analysis of 100 patients (1973/1974) with a complicated course demonstrates definitely that most of the resulting problems of this very important method of medical management are caused by the surgical procedure and by the leads.