The aims of this study were to assess the effectiveness of the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) plus vouchers treatment in a cohort of Spanish cocaine-dependent outpatients, and to examine the maintenance of treatment effects after the voucher intervention was discontinued. Sixty-four adult outpatients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions, CRA plus vouchers or standard care. The vouchers program was implemented from weeks 1 to 24. Among patients assigned to the CRA plus vouchers condition, 65.5% completed 12 months of treatment versus 28.6% of those assigned to the standard care condition (p = .003). At the 12-month assessment, 58.6% of patients assigned to the CRA plus vouchers condition were abstinent, compared with 25.7% in the standard care condition (p = .008); furthermore, 34.5% of patients assigned to the CRA plus vouchers condition achieved twelve months of continuous cocaine abstinence, versus 17.1% in the standard care condition. Those treated in the CRA plus vouchers condition also achieved greater improvements in psychosocial functioning than those treated in the standard care condition. Overall, these results reveal an extension of the effectiveness of the CRA plus vouchers treatment to a community sample of cocaine-dependent outpatients, while also supporting the maintenance of treatment effects for 6 months after completion of the voucher program. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
The cure rate of germ cell tumours (GCTs) has significantly increased from the late 1970s since the introduction of cisplatin-based therapy, which to date remains the milestone for GCTs treatment. The exquisite cisplatin sensitivity has been mainly explained by the over-expression in GCTs of wild-type TP53 protein and the lack of TP53 somatic mutations; however, several other mechanisms seem to be involved, many of which remain still elusive. The findings about the role of TP53 in platinum-sensitivity and resistance, as well as the reported evidence of second cancers (SCs) in GCT patients treated only with surgery, suggesting a spectrum of cancer predisposing syndromes, highlight the need for a deepened understanding of the role of TP53 in GCTs. In the following report we explore the complex role of TP53 in GCTs cisplatin-sensitivity and resistance mechanisms, passing through several recent genomic studies, as well as its role in GCT patients with SCs, going through our experience of Center of reference for both GCTs and cancer predisposing syndromes. 相似文献
Treatment of stone fruits (apricot, peach and nectarine) with Pantoea agglomerans strain EPS125 decreased the incidence and diameter of lesions of brown rot caused by Monilinia laxa and soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer. Root control was achieved on fruits either wounded and subsequently inoculated with the pathogens or non-wounded and naturally infected from orchards. The efficacy of biocontrol was dependent on the concentration of the biocontrol agent and pathogen. At medium to low pathogen dose, optimal EPS125 concentrations were above 10(7) CFU ml(-1). The median effective dose (ED(50)) of EPS125 was 4.5x10(4) in M. laxa and 2.2x10(5) CFU ml(-1) in R. stolonifer. However, EPS125 was more effective in M. laxa than in R. stolonifer as indicated by the ratio between ED(50) of the biocontrol agent and pathogen (K(z)/K(x)) which was 166 and 1263, respectively. Interactions between the strain EPS125 and the fruit surface, and M. laxa and R. stolonifer, were studied to determine the mechanisms of protection from postharvest rots. The strain EPS125 colonizes, grows and survives on stone fruit wounds. Significant inhibition of conidial germination and hyphal growth of R. stolonifer and M. laxa was achieved when the fungal and EPS125 cells were cocultivated on peel leachate or nectarine juice. However, no effect was observed when the antagonist and the pathogen cells were physically separated by a membrane filter which permits nutrient and metabolite interchange. Therefore, a direct interaction between the strain and the pathogen cells is necessary for antagonism, without a significant contribution of the production of antibiotic substances or nutrient competition. Preemptive exclusion by wound colonization and direct interaction with the pathogen is proposed as the mechanism of biocontrol. 相似文献
To overcome stability issues associated with the use of an aldehyde in a catalytic reductive amination reaction, a cyclic ketolactol (ω-hydroxylactone) was employed as an aldehyde surrogate to form a γ-aminoacid. The reaction proceeded most favorably over a Pt/C catalyst. The thermodynamics of each step were evaluated using density functional theory calculations, which correctly predicted the dominance of the ring-closed lactol reactant, yet suggested a preference for a ring-opened iminium intermediate upon the initial, slightly endoergic addition of amine substrate. Exoergic hydrogenation of this intermediate provided the thermodynamic driving force for the overall transformation. During development, the reaction was observed to depend significantly on the volumetric gas to liquid mass transfer coefficient (kLa) and this parameter was optimized to ensure successful scale up in a 400 L stirred tank reactor.
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of different dietary fatty acids during the first half of pregnancy on the
fatty acid composition of maternal adipose tissue and of maternal and fetal plasma at mid- and late-pregnancy. Pregnant rats
received soybean-, olive-, fish-, linseed- or palm-oil diets from conception to day 12 of gestation. Virgin rats receiving
the same treatments were studied in parallel. At day 12, some rats were sacrificed and others were returned to the standard
diet and studied at day 20. At day 12, the concentrations of most fatty acids in plasma reflected the dietary composition
and individual fatty acids in lumbar adipose tissue of pregnant rats correlated with those in the diet. At day 20, the plasma
concentration of each fatty acid was higher in pregnant than in both virgin rats and day-12 pregnant rats. The composition
in 20-day pregnant (but not in virgin) rats resembled the diet consumed during the first 12 days. Fatty acid concentration
in fetal plasma was also influenced by the maternal diet during the first 12 days of pregnancy, and long-chain polyunsaturated
fatty acid (LC-PUFA) concentrations correlated with those in the mothers. In conclusion, during the first half of pregnancy
maternal adipose tissue stores dietary-derived fatty acids, which are released into blood during late pregnancy enabling LC-PUFA
to become available to the fetus. 相似文献