An investigation of free vibrations of a strain gradient Timoshenko beams with the method of initial values

Investigated herein is the free vibrations of beams based on the strain gradient Timoshenko beam theory with the method of initial values. For the vibration of strain-gradient Timoshenko beam (SGTB), the sixth-order ordinary differential equation and three boundary conditions at each end have been obtained by using the Hamilton principle. The effect of the characteristic length on the frequencies of free vibrations is shown. The frequencies of the SGTB are compared to the frequencies of the strain gradient Euler beam (SGEB), classical Timoshenko beam (CTB) and classical Euler beam (CEB). It has been observed that the high-frequency values of conventional and strain-gradient beams are very different. This result can be used to determine the value of the material characteristic length for a nanobeam for which lengthscale effects are believed to be dominant.

     

Electrodeposition of metallic molybdenum and its alloys – a review

Aqueous electrodeposition may represent a more economical and reliable technique to fabricate Mo coatings than the alternatives (electrodeposition from fused-salt baths and other available methods). However, studies on the aqueous electrodeposition of pure metallic Mo are rather limited due to its oxophilic nature, catalytic behaviour for the hydrogen evolution reaction and high tendency for polymerisation, especially in acidic media. To date, researchers have tended to focus on the aqueous electrodeposition of Mo alloys. These alloys usually contain <51% Mo. The factors that influence the quality of Mo deposits and the difficulties in the electrodeposition process are reviewed here. This review not only presents a survey of existing literature on the electrodeposition of metallic Mo coatings but also provides a basis for any future exploration.     

Single-row mapping and transformation of connected graphs

In a dimensional problem, the transformation of a graph into its linear network can be viewed as a transition involving demand and supply. A connected graph represents the demand flows between the components in the graph while the network supporting it is the resource or capacity links for supporting the demand volumes. The transformation involves a mapping from the graph to its network to satisfy certain performance metrics. In this work, we propose a model for transforming a connected graph to its linear network model in the form of a single-row routing network. The main objective is to provide an optimum routing network that minimizes the congestion. In this technique, the given graph is first partitioned into several disjoint cliques using the Hopfield neural network using our model called AdCliq. From the cliques, a set of intervals derived from the zones are obtained through the matching nodes in the single-row axis. The intervals are then mapped into a network of non-crossing nets using our previously developed tool called ESSR. The network is optimal in terms of minimum street congestion and number of doglegs, and this provides a reasonably good step towards the overall solution to the demand-supply problem.     

Image Warping Using Few Anchor Points and Radial Functions

Transformations based on radial basis junctions have proven to be a powerful tool in image warping. In the present work we decompose these transformations into linear and radial terms, and show examples where such a decomposition is advantageous. Locally supported basis functions are introduced. Several applications are demonstrated, and a comparison with other warping techniques is carried out. Finally, some fine points of image warping are discussed.     

Approach for Grid Connected PV Management: Advance Solar Prediction and Enhancement of Voltage Stability Margin Using FACTS Device

The uncertainty in solar energy is different from conventional, dispatchable generation fuels and difficult to incorporate into the standard system operating procedures. In the first part of this work, the machine learning algorithm is used to train models based on solar irradiance data and different meteorological weather information to predict the solar irradiance for different cities to validate the forecasting model. Again, the intermittent and inertialess nature of photovoltaic (PV) systems can produce significant power oscillations that can cause significant problems with dynamic stability of the power system and also limit the penetration capacity of PV into the grid. In the second part, it is shown that the residue-based power oscillation damping (POD) controller obviously improves the inter-area oscillation damping. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed controller are demonstrated on the three-machine two-area test system that combines the conventional synchronous generator and flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) device using simulations. This report overall puts an in-depth analysis with regard to the challenges of solar resources with integrating, planning, operating, and particularly the stability of the rest of the power grid, including existing generation resources, customer requirements, and the transmission system itself that will lead to an improved decision making in resource allocations and grid stability.     

An Energy-Efficient Model of Random Cognitive Radio Network: Rayleigh-Lognormal Environment

Wireless Personal Communications - Motivated by the current demand for improvements in transmission rate and energy efficiency of random wireless cellular networks, we investigate the theoretical...     

Construction of an amperometric pyruvate oxidase enzyme electrode for determination of pyruvate and phosphate

In this study an amperometric biosensor based on pyruvate oxidase was developed for the determination of pyruvate and phosphate. For construction of the biosensor pyruvate oxidase was immobilized with gelatin and insolubilized in film by forming cross-linked bonds with glutaraldehyde. The film was fixed on a YSI type dissolved oxygen (DO) probe, covered with a teflon membrane which is high-sensitive for oxygen. The working principle of the biosensor depends on detection of consumed DO concentration related to pyruvate concentration which is used in enzymatic reaction catalyzed by pyruvate oxidase. The biosensor response shows a linearity with pyruvate concentration between 0.0025 and 0.05 μM and also response time of the biosensor is 3 min. In the optimization studies of the biosensor the most suitable enzyme activity was found as 2.5 U/cm² for pyruvate oxidase, and also phosphate buffer (pH 7.0; 50 mM) and 35 °C were established as providing the optimum working conditions. In the characterization studies of the biosensor some parameters such as reproducibility, substrate specificity, operational stability, determination of phosphate, and interference effects of some compounds on the pyruvate determination were investigated. Finally, the concentration of pyruvate was determined by using spectrophotometric method and the results obtained were compared to results obtained by the biosensor.     

UTILIZATION OF PRETREATED MOLASSES FOR SERINE ALKALINE PROTEASE PRODUCTION WITH RECOMBINANT BACILLUS SPECIES

Recombinant Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis , and Bacillus licheniformis were used for the production of serine alkaline protease (SAP) utilizing chemically and/or physically pretreated molasses. The highest enzyme activity was obtained with r- Bacillus subtilis , with the complex medium involving physically treated molasses having 20 kg m -3 initial sucrose concentration in small-scale, agitation- and heating rate-controlled bioreactors at t=63 h. Effects of oxygen transfer were investigated in 3.5 dm 3 laboratory bioreactors under two different agitation rates with r- B. subtilis . Increase in the oxygen transfer rate increased the observed activity and caused the cultivation time of maximum activity shift to the earlier stages of the fermentation. At Q/V=0.5 vvm and N=750 min -1 , SAP activity reached 2250U cm -3 at t=36 h.