Characteristics of multicellular spheroids formed by primary cultures of human thyroid tumor cells

Features of multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) differed depending on their types of cells. MCTS formed by 4000 human thyroid primary culture epithelial tumor cells displayed diameters between 0.31 and 0.33 mm within 2 days regardless of the stage of malignancy of the originating tumors. Their cellular composition reflected that of the originating tumor in regard to DNA content and the expression of cytokeratin, vimentin, as well as thyroglobulin. During the following 3 weeks, their sizes increased up to diameters of 0.42 mm when their cells had been derived from carcinomas, and MCTS originating from adenomas stopped growing within the next 2 days. After 8 days of incubation, proliferating cells were only found in carcinoma MCTS. The cells were randomly distributed over the total volume of the spheroids, which displayed irregular cell arrangements but not concentric cell layers and did not form necrotic centers.     

Projektmanagement im Anlagenbau

Project management in plant construction. Project management is a management concept increasingly employed in project execution both by industry and administration. There are variants to this management concept allowing it to be readily adapted to individual applications. Engineering companies are typically confronted with multi-project management tasks, i. e. they handle concurrently a great variety of projects differing in size, complexity, and duration. For each project, specialists from various disciplines of the company have to be coordinated across department lines and their performance channelled under project management leadership. Matrix project management lends itself particularly well to this task, the personality of the project manager playing a central role.     

The Influence of Repetition and Famousness on the Intracranially Recorded Temporobasal N200.

It is still a matter of debate at which time point faces are recognized as familiar, with some studies claiming a relatively early face recognition and others later effects of familiarity. The authors report on effects of famousness of depicted persons and stimulus repetition on intracranially recorded event-related potentials. Famousness resulted in an increased latency of the N200 component, as well as in an increased amplitude of a later long-lasting potential (N700). In contrast, repetition led to an increased amplitude of the N200 but no increase of its latency. They suppose that the recognition of faces becomes observable within the N200 latency range and that the increased N200 latency reflects a feature processing additional to the holistic face processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy of cobalt uptake by cement

Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy was used to investigate the speciation and spatial distribution of Co in a Co(II)-doped cement matrix. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of the heavy metals immobilization process in cement on the molecular level. The Co-doped cement samples hydrated for 30 days with a Co loading of 5000 mg/kg were prepared under normal atmosphere to simulate conditions used for cement-stabilized waste packages. Co 2p(3/2) absorption edge signals were used to determine the spatial distributions of the metal species in the Co(II)-doped cement. The speciation of Co was determined by collecting near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectra. On the basis of the shape of the absorption spectra, it was found that Co(II) is partly oxidized to Co(III). The correlation, respectively the anticorrelation with elements such as Al, Si, and Mn, show that Co(II) is predominantly present as Co-hydroxide-like phase as well as Co-phyllosilicate, whereas Co(III) tends to be incorporated only into a CoOOH-like phase. Thus, this study suggests that thermodynamic calculations of Co(II)-immobilization by cementitious systems should take into consideration not only the solubility of Co(II)-hydroxides but also Co(III) phases.     

Analysis of diffracted image patterns from volume holographic imaging systems and applications to image processing

Diffracted image patterns from volume holograms that are used in volume holographic imaging systems (VHISs) are investigated. It is shown that, in VHISs, prior information about the shape and spectral properties of the diffracted patterns is important not only to determine the curvature and field of view of the image, but also for image registration and noise removal. A new methodology to study numerically and analytically the dependence of VHIS diffraction patterns with the hologram construction parameters and the readout wavelength is described. Modeling and experimental results demonstrate that, in most cases, VHIS diffracted shapes can be accurately represented by hyperbolas.     

Spatial-spectral volume holographic systems: resolution dependence on effective thickness

The resolution dependence of spatial-spectral volume holographic imaging systems on angular and spectral bandwidth of nonuniform gratings is investigated. Modeling techniques include a combination of the approximate coupled-wave analysis and the transfer-matrix method for holograms recorded in absorptive media. The effective thickness of the holograms is used as an estimator of the resolution of the imaging systems. The methodology, which assists in the design and optimization of volume holographic simulation results based on our approach, are confirmed with experiments and show proof of consistency and usefulness of the proposed models.