Zur Gestaltung eines verlustarmen Spiralgehäuses für Kreiselpumpen

Zusammenfassung Zur Konstruktion eines Spiralgeh?uses für Kreiselpumpen werden h?ufig entweder das Prinzip der Erhaltung des Dralls nach C. Pfleiderer oder das Prinzip der Erhaltung der kinetischen Energie nach A.J. Stepanoff herangezogen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden beide Prinzipien gleichzeitig berücksichtigt sowie zur Minimierung der Reibungsverluste der hydraulische Durchmesser des Kanalquerschnittes maximiert. Mit Variationsmethoden wird das entstehende Optimierungsproblem auf die L?sung nichtlinearer Gleichungen zurückgeführt, und damit werden die Querschnitte des Spiralgeh?uses numerisch berechnet. Die Verfasser danken Herrn Professor Dr.Hansj?rg Wacker für wertvolle Anregungen und Hinweise.     

热喷涂技术的新发展

在过去的几年里，热喷涂技术在喷涂工艺、喷涂材料、涂层质量监控等方面都有很大发展，喷涂层应用领域也进一部扩大。其主要标志为新三阴极等离子喷涂系统、微等离子喷涂工艺、冷喷工艺的开发和应用，高速火焰喷涂工艺的进一步改进和完善，亚微米及纳米结构等新型喷涂材料的开发，喷涂粒子和基体诊断分析系统的开发和应用以及喷涂层在汽车发动机上的应用。     

Exploratory analysis of concept and document spaces with connectionist networks

Exploratory analysis is an area of increasing interest in the computational linguistics arena. Pragmatically speaking, exploratory analysis may be paraphrased as natural language processing by means of analyzing large corpora of text. Concerning the analysis, appropriate means are statistics, on the one hand, and artificial neural networks, on the other hand. As a challenging application area for exploratory analysis of text corpora we may certainly identify text databases, be it information retrieval or information filtering systems. With this paper we present recent findings of exploratory analysis based on both statistical and neural models applied to legal text corpora. Concerning the artificial neural networks, we rely on a model adhering to the unsupervised learning paradigm. This choice appears naturally when taking into account the specific properties of large text corpora where one is faced with the fact that input-output-mappings as required by supervised learning models cannot be provided beforehand to a satisfying extent. This is due to the fact of the highly changing contents of text archives. In a nutshell, artificial neural networks count for their highly robust behavior regarding the parameters for model optimization. In particular, we found statistical classification techniques much more susceptible to minor parameter variations than unsupervised artificial neural networks. In this paper we describe two different lines of research in exploratory analysis. First, we use the classification methods for concept analysis. The general goal is to uncover different meanings of one and the same natural language concept. A task that, obviously, is of specific importance during the creation of thesauri. As a convenient environment to present the results we selected the legal term of neutrality, which is a perfect representative of a concept having a number of highly divergent meanings. Second, we describe the classification methods in the setting of document classification. The ultimate goal in such an application is to uncover semantic similarities of various text documents in order to increase the efficiency of an information retrieval system. In this sense, document classification has its fixed position in information retrieval research from the very beginning. Nowadays renewed massive interest in document classification may be witnessed due to the appearance of large-scale digital libraries.     

堆石料的亚塑性本构建模及其应用研究

亚塑性本构理论是20世纪中晚期发展起来的一类基于有理力学的新型的连续介质本构建模理论,主要用于刻画无黏性散粒型土体的非弹性、非线性及剪胀（剪缩）性等主要应力应变特性。较详细地介绍了该本构理论的起源、发展和本构方程的一般表述形式,并做相应的数学力学特性分析。在对散粒型土体孔隙比与平均压力及孔隙比与体积应变关系分析研究的基础上,扼要介绍了新近发展的亚塑性模型的重要的建模改进思想。结合分析堆石料的主要工程特性,将能够反映当前亚塑性研究水平的Gudehus-Bauer亚塑性模型做适当改进后首次引入到堆石料的本构建模中,并将其应用到一典型混凝土面板堆石坝的应力变形数值分析中。理论分析和算例应用表明,所改进的Gudehus-Bauer亚塑性模型能够合理反映堆石料的非弹性、非线性、剪胀剪缩性等主要应力、应变特性,且具有本构参数适用范围广的优点。     

Chemical control of photoexcited states in titanate nanostructures

The photoelectronic properties of layered titanate nanostructures can be adjusted by changing the nature and bonding state of ions in the interlayer region. We studied the optical properties of titanate nanowires and nanotubes obtained after soft-chemical treatment of TiO2 anatase powders. A photoluminescence emission process originating from exciton states trapped in [TiO6] units was observed in anatase TiO2 and, with significantly enhanced intensity, in nanowires made of titanate nanosheets. On the basis of a correlation between emission intensity and the concentration of intercalated alkali ions, we conclude that protonation of the [TiO6] octahedra that constitute the titanate sheet structure suppresses radiative deactivation of trapped excitons and can be reversed by ion exchange.     

Prevalence of 25(OH) vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in chronic kidney disease stage 5 patients on hemodialysis

Little is known about the magnitude of vitamin D deficiency in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD-5) on hemodialysis (HD). In the present study, we examined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with CKD-5 undergoing HD, evaluating the relationship between calcidiol levels with other parameters of mineral metabolism, nutrition/inflammation, functional capacity (FC), and sunlight exposure. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels were evaluated in 84 stable patients on chronic HD not receiving vitamin D supplements, with a mean age 58.9+/-16.6 years, during the month of September (end of winter in the southern hemisphere). 25(OH) vitamin D serum levels, intact PTH (iPTH), as well as serum albumin, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were analyzed in fasting samples. Similarly, protein catabolic rate (PCR) and body mass index (BMI) were determined as nutritional parameters. Functional capacity according to the Karnofsky index, and sunlight exposure were also analyzed. In this study, we considered adequate vitamin D levels those above 30 ng/mL (U.S.A. National Kidney Foundation DOQI Guidelines), vitamin D insufficiency when levels were between 15 and 30 ng/mL, and vitamin D deficiency when levels were below 15 ng/mL. The mean 25(OH) D levels were significantly higher in men than in women (28.6 vs. 18.9 ng/mL; p=0.001). Vitamin D insufficiency was found in 53.5% of the patients (n=45) and vitamin D deficiency in 22.6% (n=19). In the univariate analysis, there were no correlations between 25(OH) D levels with age, iPTH, calcium, or phosphorus. There were positive correlations between serum 25(OH) D levels and degrees of sunlight exposure (R=0.55; p<0.0001), serum creatinine (r=0.38; p<0.001), serum albumin (r=0.22; p=0.04), and a negative correlation with BMI (r=-0.26; p=0.01). In the multiple regression analysis, only sunlight exposure (B=0.361), BMI (B=-0.23), and gender (B=-0.27) were significantly associated with 25(OH) D levels. Patients with FC 1 to FC 2 (n: 70%, 83.3%) had significantly higher 25(OH) D serum levels compared with FC 3 to FC 4 patients (n: 14%, 16.6%): 25.9 vs. 17.1 ng/mL (p=0.03). These results indicate that vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is highly prevalent (76.1%) at the end of winter, in stage 5 CKD patients on HD, and lower values seem to be related to decreased sunlight exposure, female gender, increased BMI, and worse functional class.     

Application of GC-HRMS and GC×GC-TOFMS to aid in the understanding of a dioxin assay's performance for soil and sediment samples

There have been numerous attempts to correlate results obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to alternative techniques such as immunoassays and bioassays for the analysis of dioxins in environmental samples. In spite of these efforts, uncertainties about the performance of these methods remain. Following a series of performance studies of various dioxin assays, an in-depth evaluation of sample extracts from the Procept Rapid Dioxin Assay was conducted to provide users with a clearer understanding of the differences in the assay's results compared to traditional mass spectrometry. Two powerful analytical techniques [high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS)] were used to provide a unique perspective about the assay's underlying analytical performance. HRMS analyses demonstrated that the target dioxin and furans were consistently captured in the assay's extracts. TOFMS analyses revealed that interferents in the sample extracts resulting from inconsistencies in the sample preparation process appear to be the primary factor contributing to the assay's imprecision. The conclusion of this research was the assay results cannot be expected to correlate directly with HRMS and should only be utilized as a screening technique (e.g., to identify the relative ranking of contamination, to determine if samples are above/below threshold levels, or to monitor a cleanup) for environmental matrices such as soil and sediment.