As coordination mechanisms change and technology failures occur, a sociotechnical system must reorganise itself across human and technological layers to maintain effectiveness. We present a study examining reorganisation across communication, controls and vehicle layers of a remotely-piloted aircraft system (RPAS) using a layered dynamics approach. Team members (pilot; navigator; photographer) performed 5 simulated RPAS missions using different operator configurations, including all-human and human-autonomy teams. Reorganization (operationally defined using entropy) time series measured the changing system reorganisation profiles under different operator configurations and following autonomy failures. Correlations between these reorganisation profiles and team effectiveness scores describe the manner in which the system had to be coordinated to maintain effectiveness under these changing conditions. Four unplanned autonomy failures were analysed to visualise system reorganisation following a technology failure. With its objective and real-time modelling and measurement capabilities, layered dynamics complements existing systems thinking tools for understanding sociotechnical complexity and enhancing system effectiveness.
Practitioner summary: A layered dynamics approach for understanding how a sociotechnical system dynamically reorganises itself is presented. The layered dynamics of RPAS were analysed under different operator configurations and following autonomy failures. Layered dynamics complements existing system-thinking tools for modelling sociotechnical system complexity and effectiveness.
Abbreviation: RPAS: remotely-piloted aircraft system; HIS: human-systems integration; EAST: event analysis of systemic teamwork; H1: hypothesis 1; H2: hypothesis 2; H3: hypothesis 3; CERTT-STE: cognitive engineering research on team tasks--synthetic task environment; AVO: air vehicle operator; PLO: payload operator; DEMPC: data exploitation, mission planning, and communications; ACT-R: adaptive control of thought-rational; sec: seconds; ANOVA: analysis of variance 相似文献
The Journal of Supercomputing - Image registration is a common task in remote sensing, consisting in aligning different images of the same scene. In the particular case of hyperspectral images, the... 相似文献
The Journal of Supercomputing - Extended profiles are an important technique for modelling the spatial information of hyperspectral images at different levels of detail. They are used extensively... 相似文献
Glass is an ideal substrate material to enable 2.5D and 3D packaging of ICs at low cost and high performance. However, it is a brittle material and is prone to failures during fabrication and operation. Large coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between copper and glass leads to thermomechanical stresses that can lead to glass cracking and delamination from glass interfaces. This paper focuses on modeling and reliability characterization of copper-plated through-package-vias (TPV) in glass packages. Thermomechanical simulations were carried out to obtain design guidelines for reliable TPVs in glass. Test-vehicles with different glass thicknesses and copper TPV fabrication conditions were fabricated for thermal cycling tests, resistance monitoring and failure analysis. The reliability characterization results showed good thermomechanical reliability of TPVs in ultra-thin glass panels. 相似文献
Copper‐doped colloidal quantum wells (Cu‐CQWs) are considered a new class of optoelectronic materials. To date, the electroluminescence (EL) property of Cu‐CQWs has not been revealed. Additionally, it is desirable to achieve ultrapure green, tunable dual‐emission and white light to satisfy the various requirement of display and lighting applications. Herein, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on colloidal Cu‐CQWs are demonstrated. For the 0% Cu‐doped concentration, the LED exhibits Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage 1931 coordinates of (0.103, 0.797) with a narrow EL full‐wavelength at half‐maximum of 12 nm. For the 0.5% Cu‐doped concentration, a dual‐emission LED is realized. Remarkably, the dual emission can be tuned by manipulating the device engineering. Furthermore, at a high doping concentration of 2.4%, a white LED based on CQWs is developed. With the management of doping concentrations, the color tuning (green, dual‐emission to white) is shown. The findings not only show that LEDs with CQWs can exhibit polychromatic emission but also unlock a new direction to develop LEDs by exploiting 2D impurity‐doped CQWs that can be further extended to the application of other impurities (e.g., Mn, Ag). 相似文献
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - In this study, copper(II) oxide thin-film samples were fabricated by the SILAR technique in the absence and presence of surfactant as a... 相似文献
Abstract The particle size and heterogeneity effects on the analyte line were investigated for the analysis of powdered samples by X-ray fluorescence technique. In the analysis of samples utilizing the powder method, these effects caused serious errors with variations in particle size for the emitted intensity. The fluorescence intensities of some elements in pellet samples of cement (the range of particle sizes, < 32 µm, 32–38 µm, 38–45 µm, 45–63 µm, 45–75 µm, 75–106 µm, and 106–150 µm and, at press pressure 3.50 and 1.41 × 107 kg/m2), are measured using a wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer for 14 pellets prepared according to the powder method. The results show that the Kα X-ray fluorescence intensities from samples can effect about 17% maximum differences in normalized intensities within selected particle sizes. These experimental results were interpreted by comparing with the other experimental results in the literature. 相似文献