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81.
BACKGROUND: The treatment of severe enterococcus infections requires synergism of a beta-lactamic or glycopeptide and a aminoglycoside, but when resistance to first one or high-level resistance to aminoglycosides are present, synergism would be lost. We compared the adequacy of two commercially available systems to detect antibiotic resistance. METHODS: We studied 158 isolates of Enterococcus sp., with high-level resistance to gentamicin (40 isolates) and streptomycin (89 isolates), resistance to ciprofloxacin (34 isolates), resistance to ampicillin (7 isolates) and with intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin (3 isolates). No one was beta-lactamase producer by Cefinase disk method. We use disk diffusion as reference technique to detect high-level streptomycin resistance. The susceptibility to the remainder antibiotics was studied by agar dilution method, according to NCCLS. We studied the accuracy of GPS-TA cards and Uniscept MIC-3 in relation to the degree of agreement with conventional means, following FDA criteria. RESULTS: Essential agreement for MIC was less than 90 with MIC-3 for ampicillin (81.5%) and ciprofloxacin (71.3%). Categorical agreement rate was less than 90% (76.4%) and major error rate was higher than 3% (10.9%) with the use of MIC-3 for ciprofloxacin. Very major errors for ampicillin, vancomycin and ciprofloxacin were not produced by any system. The very major error rates for high level resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin with GPS-TA card were 5 and 15.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We do not recommend the use of the Uniscept MIC-3 panel with visual reading to detect susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Detection of high levels of aminoglucoside resistance by GPS-TA card should be supplemented with conventional techniques because of the high rate of major error. Due to the low number of strains that have been studied, we can not assure the suitability of these systems to detect ampicillin or vancomycin resistance. 相似文献
82.
83.
S Taba Shiwa N Garibay-Nieto P Angulo-Hernández F Vargas-Vorackova D Kershenobich 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,61(3):263-271
Surfactant abnormalities may contribute to the impairment of gas exchange observed in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Analysis of rat bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) lipid extracts from normal controls, steroid controls, trimethaprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) controls, TMP-SMX/P. carinii pneumonia controls, and P. carinii pneumonia animals reveal similar total phospholipid and total protein levels. However, there was a marked reduction in phosphatidylglycerol (PG) from the BAL of P. carinii pneumonia rats as compared with control animals, with a decrease from 4.91 +/- 1.29 nmol/mg protein to 0.46 +/- 0.57 nmol/mg protein (p<0.05) and a decrease, as a percent of total phospholipids, from 7.7% +/- 0.88% to 0.91% +/- 0.59% (p<0.001). Furthermore, in vitro surface activities of BAL lipid extracts from control and P. carinii pneumonia rats revealed minimum surface tension increases from 9.38 +/- 1.71 mN/m in controls to 16.36 +/- 0.83 mN/m in P. carinii pneumonia rats (p<0.05) and likewise maximum surface tension increases from 22.14 +/- 4.34 mN/m to 38.57 +/- 2.07 mN/m (p<0.01). Of interest, the surface activity of PG-deficient P. carinii pneumonia BAL lipid extracts is completely restored to that of normal controls by the addition of exogenous PG. These findings suggest that a functionally abnormal surfactant occurs in P. carinii pneumonia and that this may account, in part, for the impairment of gas exchange observed in this disorder. 相似文献
84.
M González Cabré 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,18(6):279-282
The activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and catalase was measured in the tissues of placenta, full venous blood and full umbilical cord blood in 141 complicated pregnancies. The control group consisted of 34 physiological pregnancies. The enzymes activity was marked by use of biochemical methods. It has been shown that NAT and catalase is the most active in the group of physiological pregnancies. The decrease of NAT and catalase in venous and umbilical cord blood is correlated with the decrease of the activity these enzymes in placenta. 相似文献
85.
86.
Male Wistar rats given a single moderate dose (1.7 mg/kg, IP) of pentobarbital (PB), followed by six trials on the moving belt apparatus during the next hour, showed tolerance to the motor-impairing effects of a second dose of 17 mg/kg given 24 h later. A control group that received saline before the first test showed the usual initial sensitivity when tested with PB 24 h later. Three weeks later, the first group showed cross-tolerance to the effects of ethanol (1.7 g/kg, IP) on the same test, while the second group did not. These findings support the suggestion that rapid tolerance is closely similar to chronic tolerance and that the contribution of intoxicated practice results in a long-lasting component that applies to cross-tolerance to ethanol on the same test. 相似文献
87.
88.
Senior nursing students described their interactions with faculty in a journal writing assignment. These interactions were categorized by the ethical perspectives of justice, autonomy, beneficence, and caring. An ethical analysis of faculty-student interactions is a strategy that may help nursing faculty and students understand differing perceptions about their relationships. 相似文献
89.
Glutathione content and glutathione-dependent enzymes were measured in the liver of two fish species, gudgeon (Gobio gobio) and roach (Rutilus arcasii), from the river Bernesga (Spain) caught downstream and upstream of the waste site of several chemical industries. Animals from contaminated sites display a reduced glutathione concentration and a tendency to the decrease of glutathione S-transferase activity. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly elevated only in the liver of Gobio gobio and glutathione reductase activity in that of Rutilus arcasii. Our data indicate that the glutathione system constitutes a sensitive biochemical indicator of chemical pollution. Relative changes of glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes in both fish species suggest a different susceptibility to toxins. 相似文献
90.
A new method is described for thein-situ measurement of electrical resistivity of concrete structures. The method is based on the early work of J. Newman who calculated
the electrolyte resistivity between a disk and a counter electrode located at infinity. This method has the advantage compared
with Wenner's of using a single small electrode for the measurements. In this paper, results are presented comparing this
method with Wenner's and with results carried out using a conductivity cell in electrolytes. Finally, values of resistivity
are compared to corrosion intensity, and a threshold for active corrosion is suggested.
Editorial note Camen Andrade and Maria-Cruz Alonso are working at the Instituto Eduardo de Torroja which is a RILEM Titular Member. Dr. Andrade, who was the 1986 RILEM Medallist, have had all these years great responsibilities within RILEM. Chairlady of the Advisory Technical Committee until 1993, she is now a member of the Coordinating Committee. She is active in 116-PCD Technical Committee on Permeability of Concrete as a Criterion of its Durability and has been appointed chairdlady of 154-EMC Technical Committee on Electrochemical Techniques for Measuring Metallic Corrosion. Carmen Andrade has been appointed RILEM Fellow in 1995. 相似文献
Résumé On décrit une nouvelle méthode de mesure de la résistivité électrique du béton dont la technique est basée sur un travail ancien de J. Newman qui avait calculé la résistivité entre un disque et une électrode auxiliaire placée à l'infini. Comparée à la méthode de Wenner, cette méthode présente l'avantage de n'utiliser, pour les mesures, qu'une petite électrode. Dans cet article, on présente les résultats de la comparaison établie avec la méthode de Wenner et avec les résultats obtenus avec une cellule de conductivité placée dans les électrolytes. Enfin, on compare les valeurs de la résistivité du béton avec celles de l'intensité de la corrosion et on suggère un seuil de corrosion active.
Editorial note Camen Andrade and Maria-Cruz Alonso are working at the Instituto Eduardo de Torroja which is a RILEM Titular Member. Dr. Andrade, who was the 1986 RILEM Medallist, have had all these years great responsibilities within RILEM. Chairlady of the Advisory Technical Committee until 1993, she is now a member of the Coordinating Committee. She is active in 116-PCD Technical Committee on Permeability of Concrete as a Criterion of its Durability and has been appointed chairdlady of 154-EMC Technical Committee on Electrochemical Techniques for Measuring Metallic Corrosion. Carmen Andrade has been appointed RILEM Fellow in 1995. 相似文献