Papierchromatographische Bestimmung der Flavonoide in Obst

Zusammenfassung Für die Bestimmung der Flavonoide wurde eine einfache papierchromatographische Methode entwickelt, mit der in 17 Obstsorten die Menge der am häufigsten vorkommenden Flavonoide bestimmt werden konnte. Die Extrahierung erfolgte mit Methanol aus mit Natriumsulfat getrocknetem Obst. Die Flavonoide wurden mit 2 verschiedenen Lösungsmittelgemischen und durch wiederholtes Chromatographieren gehemmt und mit Uranylacetat entwickelt. Die quantitative Bestimmung erfolgte densitometrisch. Mit dieser Methode kann Rutin, Quercetin und Kempferol mit einem Fehler von ± 10% bestimmt werden. Bei Quereitrinbestimmungen muß mit einer größeren Fehlermoglichkeit gerechnet werden.     

A study of words relating to youth and old age in the plays of euripides and its special implications for Euripides' Suppliant Women

This study focuses on the imagery of youth and old age in the plays of Euripides, especially the Suppliant Women, considering frequently used words in each play according to a formula developed by Guiraud. The study identifies a motif, the rejuvenation theme, an elaborate interaction between young and old, in the Suppliant Women and in: Alcestis, Heraclidae, Andromache, Hecabe, and Heracles. The difference between the use of neos (young, new) in the Suppliant Women and in the other plays is statistically significant. This word helps Euripides contrast two different kinds of youth: the fearful, rash, and animalistic (Theban); and that which has been properly schooled and led (Athenian). The greatest ground in the Suppliant Women for praising Athens is in her treatment of the young as a politically valuable force.     

A comparison of active-alert hypnotic induction with traditional relaxation induction.

Describes the testing of an active-alert induction procedure which sufficiently controlled conditions to permit a comparison between the alterations produced by that procedure and those produced by the traditional relaxation induction technique. Ss were 50 university students. In the active-alert induction the S rode a bicycle ergometer under load, keeping eyes open while exercising and receiving suggestions of alertness. The alternate form, used in random alternation with the same Ss, consisted of the standard eye-fixation and relaxation induction of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form B (SHSS-B). Within each session on 2 days during which each S served, the induction procedure was followed by 8 tests of responses to suggestion, from the SHSS-A and SHSS-B. The mean measured hypnotic responsiveness was independent of the type of induction. The active-alert condition was characterized by an acceleration of the rate of pedaling for the more responsive Ss. Although the subjective alterations differed between the 2 kinds of induction, the highly susceptible reported that in both cases altered states were achieved. (23 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ver?nderung der Lipide in gefriergetrocknetem Fleisch II. Mitteilung Untersuchung der Lipidautoxydation durch chromatographische Methoden

Zusammenfassung Der Oxydationsverlauf der Fleischlipide kann durch Chromatographie auf Kieselgelschichten oder auf silicagelisiertem Papier untersucht werden. Beide Methoden sind gleichwertig; ihre Wahl hängt hauptsächlich von der Ausrüstung des betreffenden Laboratoriums ab.     

Glyphosate immunosensor. Application for water and soil analysis

A fully automated immunosensor for the herbicide glyphosate has been developed on the basis of the immunocomplex capture assay protocol. The sensor carries out on-line analyte derivatization prior to the assay and uses a selective anti-glyphosate serum, a glyphosate peroxidase enzyme tracer, and fluorescent detection. Under optimal conditions, the detection limit achieved is 0.021 microg/L with an analysis rate of 25 min per assay, autonomy of more than 48 h, and sensor reusability >500 analytical cycles. The immunosensor is able to discriminate structurally related molecules, such as aminomethylphosphonic acid, the main metabolite of glyphosate, and other related herbicides, such as glufosinate and glyphosine. Interferences from naturally occurring species (anions, cations, and humic substances) and their elimination were also studied. The immunosensor has been successfully applied to water and soil sample analysis, with good recoveries at levels lower than 1 microg/L. Results obtained with the immunosensor correlate well with data from a magnetic particle ELISA and LC/LC/MS chromatographic method.     

Expression of IGF-II mRNA-binding proteins (IMPs) in gonads and testicular cancer

Insulin-like growth factor-II mRNA-binding proteins 1, 2 and 3 (IMP1, IMP2 and IMP3) belong to a family of RNA-binding proteins implicated in mRNA localization, turnover and translational control. We examined their expression pattern during development of murine and human testis and ovaries. In the mouse, IMPs were expressed in male and female gonadal cells at embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5). From E16.5, IMP1 and IMP3 became restricted to the developing germ cells, whereas IMP2 expression persisted in the interstitial cells. In mature mouse and human ovaries, IMP1, IMP2 and IMP3 were detected in resting and growing oocytes and in the granulosa cells. In testis, IMP1 and IMP3 were found mainly in the spermatogonia, whereas IMP2 was expressed in the immature Leydig cells. Moreover, all three IMPs were detected in human semen. The developmental expression pattern of IMP1 and IMP3 in the human testis prompted us to examine their possible involvement in testicular neoplasia. IMPs were detected primarily in germ-cell neoplasms, including preinvasive testicular carcinoma in situ, classical and spermatocytic seminoma, and nonseminomas, with particularly high expression in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma. The relative expression of IMP1, IMP2 and IMP3 varied among tumor types and only IMP1 was detected in all carcinoma in situ cells. Thus IMPs, and in particular IMP1, may be useful auxiliary markers of testicular neoplasia.     

The effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin on the expression of progesterone receptors in human luteal cells in vivo and in vitro

The human corpus luteum expresses genomic progesterone receptors (PRs) suggesting that progesterone may have an autocrine or paracrine role in luteal function. We hypothesised that the reduction in luteal PR reported in the late-luteal phase augmented progesterone withdrawal and had a role in luteolysis. We therefore tested the hypothesis that luteal rescue with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) would maintain PR expression. PR was immunolocalised to different cell types in human corpora lutea (n = 35) from different stages of the luteal phase and after luteal rescue with exogenous hCG. There was no change in the staining intensity of theca-lutein cell or stromal cell PR throughout the luteal phase or after luteal rescue. In the late-luteal phase, granulosa-lutein cell PR immunostaining was reduced (P < 0.05) but the trend to reduction was also seen after luteal rescue with hCG (P = 0.055). To further investigate the effect of hCG on granulosa-lutein cell PR expression, an in vitro model system of cultured human luteinised granulosa cells was studied. Cells were cultured for 12-13 days exposed to different patterns of hCG and aminoglutethamide to manipulate progesterone secretion (P < 0.0001). Expression of PR A/B and PR B isoforms was examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. PR A/B mRNA was lower (P < 0.05) after 11-13 days of culture than after 7 days of culture. This reduction could not be prevented by hCG in the presence (P < 0.05) or absence (P < 0.05) of stimulated progesterone secretion. The expression of PR B mRNA showed a similar pattern (P = 0.054). Simulated early pregnancy in vivo and hCG treatment of luteinised granulosa cells in vitro did not appear to prevent the down-regulation of PR seen during luteolysis.     

Effect of postinduction nutrient feed composition and use of lactose as inducer during production of thermostable xylanase in Escherichia coli glucose-limited fed-batch cultivations

Escherichia coli is a microorganism routinely used in the production of heterologous proteins. The overexpression of a xylanase (Xyn 10 A Delta NC), which originated from the thermophile Rhodothermus marinus cloned under the control of the strong T7/lac promoter in a defined medium (mAT) using a substrate-limited feed strategy, was however shown to impose a significant metabolic burden on host cells. This resulted in a decreased cell growth rate and ultimately also a decreased target protein production. The investigation hence centers on the effect of some selected nutrient feed additives (amino acid [Cys] or TCA-intermediates [citrate, succinate, malate]) used to relieve the metabolic burden imposed during the feeding and postinduction phases of these glucose-limited fed-batch cultivations. The use of either succinic acid or malic acid as feed-additives resulted in an increase in production of approximately 40% of the heterologous thermostable xylanase. Furthermore, use of lactose as an alternative inducer of the T7/lac promoter was also proven to be a suitable strategy that significantly prolonged the heterologous protein production phase as compared with induction using isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG).     

Putative association between a new polymorphism in exon 3 (Arg109Cys) of the pancreatic colipase gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus in two independent Caucasian study populations

The protein encoded by the pancreatic colipase (CLPS) gene is an essential cofactor needed by pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PNLIP) for efficient dietary lipid hydrolysis. Since the inhibition of lipase activity was shown to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, we tested the hypothesis that genetic variations in the CLPS and PNLIP genes are associated with type 2 diabetes; 47 unrelated subjects were screened for polymorphisms of the CLPS and PNLIP genes. A nested-case control study of 192 incident type 2 diabetes subjects and 384 sex- and age-matched controls taken from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Potsdam Cohort (EPIC) was employed for association studies. The Metabolic Intervention Cohort Kiel (MICK) consisting of 716 males was used for verification. A novel putative functional polymorphism (Arg109Cys) was identified in the CLPS gene. The frequencies of the Arg/Cys genotype were 2.6% in EPIC and 2.2% in MICK study subjects. No homozygotes for the Cys/Cys genotype were found in either study population. Logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant association of the Arg/Cys genotype with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The odds ratios estimated by the model were 3.75 (95%CI = 1.13-12.49, p = 0.03) in EPIC and 4.86 (95%CI = 1.13-20.95, p = 0.03) in MICK. No comparable associations were found with other traits of the insulin-resistance syndrome (e. g.; body mass index, waist to hip ratio). In conclusion, we obtained evidence in two German Caucasian study populations that the variant of the rare CLPS Arg109Cys polymorphism might contribute to increased susceptibility of type 2 diabetes.