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991.
Stellari F. Tosi A. Zappa F. Cova S. 《IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement》2004,53(1):163-169
The continuous trend in modern CMOS technology toward smaller devices and faster clock frequency is challenging the picosecond imaging circuit analysis technique. In this paper we discuss the role of the single-photon avalanche diode with very sharp time resolution in testing CMOS circuits. Thanks to the 30 ps-time resolution, innovative measurements regarding delays and jitter are presented, along with a case study. A compact model of the luminescence is also proposed and used to compare on-chip electrical signals with optical waveforms. 相似文献
992.
Saravi A. Lawrence P.D. Lam F. 《IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement》2004,53(2):284-292
The most accurate way of determining the strength of lumber requires destructive testing. An intelligent mechanics-based lumber-grading system was developed to provide a better estimation of the strength of a board nondestructively. This system processed X-ray-extracted geometric features (of 1080 boards that eventually underwent destructive strength testing) by using finite element methods to generate associated stress fields. The stress fields were then fed to a feature-extracting-processor, which produced 26 strength predicting features. The best strength predicting features were determined from the coefficient of determination (correlation r/sup 2/) between the features and actual strengths of the boards. The coefficients of determination of each feature (or combination of features), with the actual strength of the board, were calculated and compared. A coefficient of determination of 0.4158 was achieved by using a longitudinal (along the local grain angle) maximum stress concentration (MSC) feature to predict the estimated strength of lumber. 相似文献
993.
In finite-difference micromagnetic simulations, the electric field originated from time variations of magnetic induction is evaluated by means of a discrete version of Faraday's law. The electric field can be then calculated as the convolution of a tensor and the time derivative of the magnetic induction. This paper presents an analytical expression for the tensor. The paper also reports on a quantitative test of the tensor that simulates the electric field of an oscillating magnetic point dipole. 相似文献
994.
This paper extends a method for predicting rotational losses for laminated rotors of heteropolar magnetic bearings by using an eddy-current model to include the effect of magnetic hysteresis in the rotor material. It compares the modeling results to the experimental data that were used earlier to assess the loss model neglecting hysteresis. The correction to the total electromagnetic loss in the rotor due to the hysteresis is significant at rotational speeds below 6000 revolutions per minute (RPM), where the model including hysteresis effects provides much better agreement with existing experimental data. 相似文献
995.
Thermal Transformations of an Aluminoborophosphate Binder 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thermal transformations of a commercial aluminoborophosphate binder are studied in a broad temperature range by optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The introduction of B2O3 reduces the temperature of phosphate polycondensation, enhances the stability of cyclometaphosphates in a broad temperature range (180–1100°C), and reduces the stability of hydrogen phosphates. 相似文献
996.
E. N. Selivanov V. M. Chumarev R. I. Gulyaeva V. P. Mar'evich A. D. Vershinin A. A. Pankratov E. S. Korepanova 《Inorganic Materials》2004,40(8):845-850
The iron calcium oxysulfides Ca3Fe4S3O6 and CaFeSO are synthesized by reacting mixtures of CaO and FeS in an inert atmosphere. Their elemental compositions and lattice parameters are determined by x-ray microanalysis and x-ray diffraction. From the temperature-dependent lattice parameters of the oxysulfides (measured up to 1020 K), their thermal expansion coefficients are evaluated. 相似文献
997.
A. Yu. Zavrazhnov D. N. Turchen Zh. V. Dobrokhotova V. V. Volkov E. V. Makhonina V. S. Pervov 《Inorganic Materials》2004,40(2):107-114
The GaSe–Ga2Se3 system is studied by x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results demonstrate that the nonadditivity of heat capacity observed near the eutectic composition after quenching is similar to the nonadditivity of properties in misfit layer compounds, which contain incommensurate structural components. The origin of this similarity is discussed in terms of the self-organization of interacting incommensurate elements in the melt and the formation of unstable suprastructural ensembles. 相似文献
998.
E. H. Boutyour H. Zahrouni M. Potier‐Ferry M. Boudi 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2004,60(12):1987-2012
The aim of this work is to develop a reliable and fast algorithm to compute bifurcation points and bifurcated branches. It is based upon the asymptotic numerical method (ANM) and Padé approximants. The bifurcation point is detected by analysing the poles of Padé approximants or by evaluating, along the computed solution branch, a bifurcation indicator well adapted to ANM. Several examples are presented to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, that emanate from buckling problems of thin elastic shells. Especially problems involving large rotations are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
999.
H. Ji J. E. Dolbow 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2004,61(14):2508-2535
We consider a problem stemming from recent models of phase transitions in stimulus‐responsive hydrogels, wherein a sharp interface separates swelled and collapsed phases. Extended finite element methods that approximate the local solution with an enriched basis such that the mesh need not explicitly ‘fit’ the interface geometry are emphasized. Attention is focused on the weak enforcement of the normal configurational force balance and various options for evaluating the jump in the normal component of the solute flux at the interface. We show that as the reciprocal interfacial mobility vanishes, it plays the role of a penalty parameter enforcing a pure Dirichlet constraint, eventually triggering oscillations in the interfacial velocity. We also examine alternative formulations employing a Lagrange multiplier to enforce this constraint. It is shown that the most convenient choice of basis for the Lagrange multiplier results in oscillations in the multiplier field and a decrease in accuracy and rate of convergence in local error norms, suggesting a lack of stability in the discrete formulation. Under such conditions, neither the direct evaluation of the gradient of the approximation at the phase interface nor the interpretation of the Lagrange multiplier field provide a robust means to obtain the jump in the normal component of solute flux. Fortunately, the adaptation and use of local, domain‐integral methodologies considerably improves the flux evaluations. Several example problems are presented to compare and contrast the various techniques and methods. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
1000.
The Simulation of Impact Loads on Beam-type Structures using a Pseudo-dynamic Procedure 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
F. J. Q. Melo J. A. O. Carneiro P. P. Camanho C. L. Tavares A. A. Fernandes 《Strain》2004,40(1):13-23
Abstract: This study proposes an alternate method for the analysis of beams with solid cross-section or built as a framed structure and subjected to transverse impact loads from an external striker. The procedure used in the analysis is a combination of two essential tools using pseudo-dynamic techniques. The method reported here involves only one degree of freedom for the structure modelling and assumes an elastic contact between an external striker and the beam structure, which in reality does not happen. As only one degree of freedom is considered in the analysis, some important limitations are inherent to the method proposed here. Essentially, there is the difficulty of modelling the displacement field associated with the transient structure behaviour accurately, as a consequence of fast-rate impact loads. Another difficulty faced by the method refers to a local structure behaviour associated with contact loads. The present method can deal with large displacements in transversely loaded beams associated to a collapse mechanism having a simple geometry and defined with precision from a single parameter. This ensures reasonable accuracy in the evaluation of the strain energy absorbing capacity of transversely impacted beam structures using a single degree of freedom model in a pseudo-dynamic procedure. 相似文献