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��In this paper, according to their origin, hydrocarbon gas is divided into three types i.e. organic, pyrolytic and inorganic. In generallizing the characteristics of them, the basis of determining the inorganic origin gas is emphatically stated by the author. It is emphasized that the ��¹³ C₁ must be synthetically used with other targets in dividing the origin types of hydrocarbon gas and that the ³He/⁴He value is more reliable than the other targets in determining the inorganic origin gas.     

Single-longitudinal-mode fiber ring laser employing an equivalent phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating

A novel single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) fiber ring laser that incorporates an equivalent phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating acting as an ultra-narrow bandpass filter in the laser cavity is proposed. The equivalent phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating has an ultra-narrow transmission bandwidth which ensures an SLM lasing. Stable SLM operation without mode hopping is demonstrated.     

A Note on PIN Polynomials and PRIN Rational Functions

This brief presents a necessary and sufficient condition for testing positive, real, imaginary, and negative rational functions. A related term, the positive, imaginary, and negative polynomial, is defined and two necessary and sufficient conditions for testing it are given.     

Visual tracking in high-dimensional state space by appearance-guided particle filtering

In this paper, we propose a new approach, appearance-guided particle filtering (AGPF), for high degree-of-freedom visual tracking from an image sequence. This method adopts some known attractors in the state space and integrates both appearance and motion-transition information for visual tracking. A probability propagation model based on these two types of information is derived from a Bayesian formulation, and a particle filtering framework is developed to realize it. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for high degree-of-freedom visual tracking problems, such as articulated hand tracking and lip-contour tracking.     

Robust Distributed Source Coding

We consider a distributed source coding system in which several observations must be encoded separately and communicated to the decoder by using limited transmission rate. We introduce a robust distributed coding scheme which flexibly trades off between system robustness and compression efficiency. The optimality of this coding scheme is proved for various special cases.     

Morphology and properties of poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)‐para‐phenylene vinylene]/silica nanoparticle hybrid films

Poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)‐para‐phenylene vinylene] (MEH‐PPV)/silica nanoparticle hybrid films were prepared and characterised. Three kinds of materials were compared: parent MEH‐PPV, MEH‐PPV/silica (hybrid A films), and MEH‐PPV/coupling agent MSMA/silica (hybrid B films), in which MSMA is 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate. It was found that the hybrid B films could significantly prevent macrophase separation, as evidenced by scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, the thermal characteristics of the hybrid films were largely improved in comparison with the parent MEH‐PPV. The UV‐visible absorption spectra suggested that the incorporation of MSMA‐modified silica into MEH‐PPV could confine the polymer chain between nanoparticles and thus increase the conjugation length. The photoluminescence (PL) studies also indicated enhancement of the PL intensity and quantum efficiency by incorporating just 2 wt% of MSMA‐modified silica into MEH‐PPV. However, hybrid A films did not show such enhancement of optoelectronic properties as the hybrid B films. The present study suggests the importance of the interface between the luminescent organic polymers and the inorganic silica on morphology and optoelectronic properties. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Printed Electrochemical Devices Using Conducting Polymers as Active Materials on Flexible Substrates

This paper reports some of our initial works in pursuit of a simple and low-cost method of fabricating all-organic electrochemical diodes, triodes, and transistors on flexible plastic or paper substrates. Conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS), utilized as an active component, is deposited by spin-coating or printing techniques. The devices are directly fabricated from design without the need for masks, patterns, or dies. The output characteristics of both half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits from two-terminal diodes show stable performances at frequencies below 5 Hz. In three-terminal tunable triodes, threshold voltage can be tuned in the range between 0.25 and 1.6 V. In four-terminal transistors, ambipolar operation function can be realized in one single device. I/sub ON//I/sub OFF/ current ratios of 10/sup 3/-10/sup 4/ have been achieved in the triode and transistor at operating voltages below 3 V. In addition, the device applications in electrochromic displays, logical circuits, as well as the switching speed of the circuits and device stability, are discussed.     

即时通讯软件的安全性分析

在互联网服务中,即时通讯已成为了最流行的服务模式之一,人们对即时通讯的依赖程度也与日俱增。但是, 频频出现的病毒和黑客攻击使广大用户深受其害,即时通讯的安全问题也日益严峻。为了从根本上解决问题,本文对即时通讯软件的架构和协议进行了深入分析,目的是找出漏洞根源,给开发者和使用者提供防止漏洞的依据。     

污水处理厂恶臭含硫化合物的研究

分析了污水处理厂各个不同工艺段气、液两相中恶臭有机含硫化合物的分布情况,同时运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪及吹扫-捕集系统对甲硫醇、甲硫醚、羰基硫、二硫化碳和二甲二硫等五种化合物进行了定性准确的和定量分析,并对其产生机制及来源进行了较为详实的解析.其中挥发性气体样品的采集通过动态箱收集,溶解在水体中的目标化合物运用高纯氮气吹脱收集.研究结果表明,在水相和气相中的恶臭化合物的分布在不同的处理单元呈现不同的恶臭浓度,但经过污水处理厂各工艺的深度处理后, 溶解在水体当中的恶臭含硫化合物及挥发到大气中的化合物均有明显下降,去除率均达到90%以上.     

Effect of refraction on optical microscopic measurement of internal blood-vessel diameter and its correction

In optical microscopic measurement of internal blood-vessel diameters, the effect of refraction must be taken into account to ensure accuracy of the result. This effect is discussed and an analytical correction formula derived. Phantom blood vessels with known internal and external diameters were used to test the validity of the correction formula. The errors obtained prior to correction were reduced significantly after correction.