超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定牛奶中三氮脒残留

目的 本研究旨在结合超高效液相色谱－串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)技术,建立简便、快速的样品前处理方法,对牛奶中的痕量三氮脒残留进行检测。方法 用1%乙酸乙腈溶液振荡提取后,在-4℃条件下高速离心,取上清液旋转蒸干后,用10%乙腈水溶液复溶,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪在正离子扫描及多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式下分析,外标法定量。结果 牛奶中三氮脒的检出限(limit of detection, LOD)为5 μg/kg,定量限(limit of quantification, LOQ)为15 μg/kg,在20~1000 μg/L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)为0.9993。将所研究的方法应用于实际牛奶样本中,其加标回收率在81.65%至85.49%之间,日内精密度分别在4.5%~5.5%,日间精密度在5.9%~8.2%之间。结论 本方法采用振荡提取加低温高速离心净化的前处理方法,简单快速,结合UPLC-MS/MS,可实现痕量水平残留的高灵敏度检测,适用于快速、高灵敏检测牛奶及其他动物源性食品中的三氮脒残留。     

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Rice Panicle Blast Resistance Gene,Pb2, Encoding NLR Protein

Rice blast is one of the main diseases in rice and can occur in different rice growth stages. Due to the complicated procedure of panicle blast identification and instability of panicle blast infection influenced by the environment, most cloned rice resistance genes are associated with leaf blast. In this study, a rice panicle blast resistance gene, Pb2, was identified by genome-wide association mapping based on the panicle blast resistance phenotypes of 230 Rice Diversity Panel 1 (RDP1) accessions with 700,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A genome-wide association study identified 18 panicle blast resistance loci (PBRL) within two years, including 9 reported loci and 2 repeated loci (PBRL2 and PBRL13, PBRL10 and PBRL18). Among them, the repeated locus (PBRL10 and PBRL18) was located in chromosome 11. By haplotype and expression analysis, one of the Nucleotide-binding domain and Leucine-rich Repeat (NLR) Pb2 genes was highly conserved in multiple resistant rice cultivars, and its expression was significantly upregulated after rice blast infection. Pb2 encodes a typical NBS-LRR protein with NB-ARC domain and LRR domain. Compared with wild type plants, the transgenic rice of Pb2 showed enhanced resistance to panicle and leaf blast with reduced lesion number. Subcellular localization of Pb2 showed that it is located on plasma membrane, and GUS tissue-staining observation found that Pb2 is highly expressed in grains, leaf tips and stem nodes. The Pb2 transgenic plants showed no difference in agronomic traits with wild type plants. It indicated that Pb2 could be useful for breeding of rice blast resistance.     

基于克隆选择调节算法的IIR数字滤波器设计

在克隆选择算法的基础上．结合独特型免疫网络理论中抗体间的自适应动态调节思想,提出一种新的免疫算法——克隆选择调节算法（CSAA）．并用于IIR数字滤波器的设计．该算法能更好地保持解的多样性及收敛速度快．有效地避免了早熟现象．对多个典型系统进行随机仿真并与其他方法进行比较研究,结果表明．该算法在多模态搜索空间中具有更好的全局收敛性和稳定性．是一种有效可行的IIR数字滤波器设计方法．     

聚硅氧烷接枝十一烯酸乙酯、乙烯基咔唑聚合物的结构与性能

不同摩尔配比（１００／０、８０／２０、５０／５０、２０／８０、０／１００）的十一烯酸乙酯,乙烯基咔唑与含氢聚硅氧烷通过硅氢加成反应进行了接枝。用透射电镜观察了该类聚合物的相结构,当两接枝单体配比相差较大时,含量小的一相为分散相,含量多的一相为连续相;当两者的配比相近时,两相均为连续相。用扭辨仪测其玻璃化转变温度Ｔｇ,该类聚合物的Ｔｇ随乙烯基咔唑含量的增加而增大。但由于乙烯咔唑反应不完全,纯乙烯基咔     

Symmetric growth of Pt ultrathin nanowires from dumbbell nuclei for use as oxygen reduction catalysts

This work demonstrates the synthesis of Pt ultrathin nanowires assisted by chromium hexacarbonyl [Cr(CO)₆]. The nanowires exhibit a uniform diameter of 2–3 nm. The length can reach up to several microns. It was found that Cr species produced dumbbell-like nuclei which play a pivotal role in the formation of the Pt nanowires. Such Pt nanowires can be tuned to nanocubes by simply decreasing the concentration of [Cr(CO)₆]. Compared to a commercial Pt/C catalyst (45 wt%, Vulcan, Tanaka) and Pt black (fuel cell grade, Sigma), the synthesized Pt nanowires exhibit superior performance in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction with a specific activity of 0.368 mA/cm², which was 2.7 and 1.8 times greater than that of Pt/C (0.138 mA/cm²) and Pt black (0.202 mA/cm²), respectively. The mass activity of Pt nanowires (0.088 mA/μg) is 2.3 times that of Pt black (0.038 mA/μg) and comparable to that of Pt/C (0.085 mA/μg).      

具有非易失存储功能的可逆有机电双稳器件

报道一种能够在室温下具有可逆电双稳特性，并实现非易失信息存储功能的有机薄膜器件。器件为简单的三层结构，Al/HPYM/Ag，HPYM为一种有机分子材料，通过真空热蒸发法制成薄膜作为信息存储介质。该器件可通过正向及反向电压脉冲的激发而实现高阻态（“0”态）、低阻态（“1”态）的转变，相当于信号的写入和擦除。当外电场撤除时，其状态信息可以长时间保持，并且被小电压脉冲读取，两种导电态的阻值比约为10^5。     

脉冲偏压下沉积的立方氮化硼膜的断面结构研究

采用自行研制的磁增强活性反应离子镀系统 ,在脉冲偏压条件下成功地合成了高品质立方氮化硼 (c BN)薄膜。用傅立叶变换红外谱 (FTIR)分析沉积膜的相结构 ,用透射电镜 (TEM)及高分辨率透射电镜 (HRTEM)分析膜的断面结构。FTIR结果表明 :c BN的纯度强烈地受基片负偏压的影响 ,当基片负偏压为 15 5V ,c BN膜的纯度高达 90 %以上。TEM及HRTEM对膜的断面结构分析表明 ,在膜与基片的界面处存在很薄的非晶氮化硼和六方氮化硼 (h BN)层 ,h BN(0 0 0 2 )晶面垂直于基片表面 ,在界面层之上生长着单相c BN层     

天钢3200m3高炉过程控制系统

对天钢3200m3高炉过程控制系统的设计及其应用功能进行了阐述.在设备控制层,通过对四个方案的比较,选择了全PLC方案,与未来的基于总线的控制系统(FCS)思想一致;在专家系统应用方面,着重强调实施环节的重要性.认为控制系统的设计应为将来的管理自动化留有接口,当企业完备其过程控制系统(PCS)后,应该考虑MES和ERP综合自动化系统,以发挥更大的经济效益.     

武钢2号高炉炉缸炉底维护

随着冶炼的强化、炉顶压力的提高和低硅生铁冶炼,武钢2号高炉炉缸、炉底侵蚀加快,为此采取一系列维护炉缸、炉底的措施,同时妥善处理了高炉稳定顺行与维护炉缸、炉底之间的矛盾,既抑制了高炉炉缸、炉底的进一步加剧,同时高炉各项技术经济指标大幅度改善.