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131.
De La Torre Jessica Elizabeth Fatma Gassara Anne Patricia Kouassi Khaled Belkacemi 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》2017,57(6):1078-1088
Spices are parts of plants that due to their properties are used as colorants, preservatives, or medicine. The uses of spices have been known since long time, and the interest in the potential of spices is remarkable due to the chemical compounds contained in spices, such as phenylpropanoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Spices, such as cumin (cuminaldehyde), clove (eugenol), and cinnamon (cinnamaldehyde) among others, are known and studied for their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties due to their main chemical compounds. These spices have the potential to be used as preservatives in many foods namely in processed meat to replace chemical preservatives. Main chemical compounds in spices also confer other properties providing a variety of applications to spices, such as insecticidal, medicines, colorants, and natural flavoring. Spices provide beneficial effects, such as antioxidant activity levels that are comparable to regular chemical antioxidants used so they can be used as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives. In this review, the main characteristics of spices will be described as well as their chemical properties, different applications of these spices, and the advantages and disadvantages of their use. 相似文献
132.
Heponiemi Tarja; Kouvonen Anne; V?nsk? Jukka; Halila Hannu; Sinervo Timo; Kivim?ki Mika; Elovainio Marko 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,14(4):365
The present study examined whether job control moderated the association between stress indicators (distress and sleeping problems) and intentions to change profession among 2,650 Finnish physicians. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was applied. The authors found that high levels of distress and sleeping problems were associated with higher levels of intentions to change profession, whereas high job control was associated with lower levels of intentions to change profession even after adjusting for the effects of gender, age, and employment sector. In addition, high job control was able to mitigate the positive association that distress and sleeping problems had with intentions to change profession. Our findings highlight the importance of offering more job control to physicians to prevent unnecessary physician turnover. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
133.
Monitoring kidney and renal cyst volumes applying MR approaches on a rapamycin treated mouse model of ADPKD 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Wilfried Reichardt Daniel Romaker Anne Becker Martin Buechert Gerd Walz Dominik von Elverfeldt 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》2009,22(3):143-149
Object The aim of our study was to determine total cystic volume in a mouse model of PKD using MR imaging to monitor therapeutic
effects in vivo.
Materials and methods We imaged eight female pcy-mice in two groups: four belonged to an untreated control group and four were treated with the anticystic agent rapamycin,
which has proven to be effective in reducing cystogenesis in animal models. The mice were imaged using a 9.4 Tesla animal
scanner. MRI measurements were taken at six time points during the therapy. Total renal volumes and total cyst volumes were
calculated using a thresholding approach.
Results During the course of the treatment, the total cyst volume increased significantly faster than the total renal volume in the
untreated group, indicating that growth of the total renal volume in the untreated group was primarily due to the growth of
the cysts, rather than the parenchyma. The measured total renal volume in the control (placebo) group was significantly higher
than the volume in the treated group.
Conclusion Using MRI, we were able to monitor the cystic volume in a mouse model of PKD to assess the therapeutic effect of anticystic
treatment. 相似文献
134.
Hyman Scott M.; Hong Kwang-Ik A.; Chaplin Tara M.; Dabre Zubaida; Comegys Allison D.; Kimmerling Anne; Sinha Rajita 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,23(4):613
Background: Stress is known to increase addiction vulnerability and risk of relapse to substance use. Purpose & Method: We compared opioid dependent individuals entering naltrexone treatment (n = 57) with healthy controls (n = 75) on measures of stress, coping, and social support and examined the relative contribution of group membership, coping, and social support to stress within the sample. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and covariance (ANCOVA), and stepwise multiple regression were conducted. Results: Compared with controls, opioid dependent subjects reported greater stress, less use of adaptive coping, but comparable use of maladaptive/avoidant coping. No group differences were found with respect to social support. Perceived stress was predicted by group membership, low social support, and greater use of maladaptive/avoidant coping, and the prediction by social support and maladaptive/avoidant coping did not differ by group. Conclusion: Opioid dependent individuals entering naltrexone treatment experience higher levels of stress and report less use of adaptive coping strategies when compared with controls. Group membership, maladaptive/avoidant coping, and social support independently contribute to perceived stress. Findings suggest that novel treatment approaches that decrease maladaptive/avoidant coping and improve social support are important aspects of decreasing stress during early recovery from opioid addiction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
135.
136.
Paul R. Ehrlich Anne H. Ehrlich 《The International journal of environmental studies》2013,70(4):481-492
The development of an enormous culture gap, in which no individuals of advanced societies possess even a billionth of the non‐genetic information possessed by their entire society, has threatened a global collapse of civilisation. Critical parts of that gap must be rapidly bridged so that problems such as climate disruption, toxification of the Earth, loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and the decay of the epidemiological environment can be satisfactorily attacked. The essential need is to alter human behaviour to put society on a route to sustainability; one cheering development is a growing interest in the Millennium Assessment of Human Behaviour (MAHB), whose goal is to do just that. 相似文献
137.
A semi-climatized zone in the shape of a glazed space is heated to some degree by solar radiation and to some degree by excess heat or heat loss from the main and fully insulated part of the building. Such a space will not offer full thermal comfort for permanent occupancy during the winter season, but it is useful for secondary functions such as circulation, storage, physical activities, etc. During the summer season glazed spaces will also be very attractive for ordinary occupancy. A condition for energy conservation is that these spaces are not heated directly but utilize heat loss and possibly excess heat from the adjoining buildings. If they are properly positioned and constructed, they will also function as solar collectors. The energy reduction potential will vary greatly with the relative size of the spaces, with the system installed, and with possibilities for long term storage. If the glazed space covers relatively large parts of the adjoining buildings, the reduced heat loss from these may be considerable. If in addition a certain minimum temperature can be kept in the glazed space, the need for heating in the adjoining buildings may be minimal. Abroad such spaces are often used consciously as architectural elements due to their special spatial character. In countries like Norway they may in addition serve several needs resulting from the special climatic conditions. SINTEF has developed energy conservation systems based on this concept and has tested them in experimental buildings. One example is the three solar energy houses in the Heimdal low energy dwellings project which totals 14 houses. Another example is a day care centre now under development for the local student union. 相似文献
138.
Influence of the amorphous phase molecular mobility on impact and tensile properties of polyamide 6,6
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In this work, the relationship between molecular mobility of polyamide 6,6 amorphous phase and mechanical properties is studied. PA66 formulations having different glass transition temperatures (Tg) obtained by additivation, chemical modification of the polyamide chains, and/or water conditioning at different hygrometry levels, are considered. The main emphasis is put on the impact strength, as measured by instrumented Charpy impact tests over a broad temperature range. It is observed that the brittle‐tough transition temperature TB/T is closely correlated with the Tg of the samples rather than to the β secondary relaxation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43457. 相似文献
139.
Additive Manufacturing of Ceramics Enabled by Flash Pyrolysis of Polymer Precursors with Nanoscale Layers
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Luca Zoli Diletta Sciti Li‐Anne Liew Kalvis Terauds Setareh Azarnoush Rishi Raj 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2016,99(1):57-63
We show that a polymer‐based route to ceramics can be implemented into additive manufacturing by reducing the time for pyrolysis to about a second, which we call flash pyrolysis. Repetitive deposition of nanometer scale coatings of the ceramic, in this way, is employed to create defect‐free infiltrations of carbon fiber composites. The mechanical strength of the fibers is retained in the composite. Excellent wetting properties of the polymer precursor permits three‐dimensional, conformal coating through the three stages of infiltration: nanoscale coating of the single fibers, filling of interstitial spaces between the fibers, and a buildup of the coating over the entire composite. The flash pyrolysis method will enable a new genre of polymer‐derived ceramics made into net shape by this unusual method of additive manufacturing. 相似文献
140.
Rafaela Gladysz Prof. Dr. Anne‐Marie Lambeir Dr. Jurgen Joossens Prof. Dr. Koen Augustyns Prof. Dr. Pieter Van der Veken 《ChemMedChem》2016,11(5):467-476
Substrate activity screening (SAS) was presented a decade ago by Ellman and co‐workers as a straightforward methodology for the identification of fragment‐sized building blocks for enzyme inhibitors. Ever since, SAS and variations derived from it have been successfully applied to the discovery of inhibitors of various families of enzymatically active drug targets. This review covers key achievements and challenges of SAS and related methodologies, including the modified substrate activity screening (MSAS) approach. Special attention is given to the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of these methodologies, as a thorough understanding thereof is crucial for successfully transforming the identified fragment‐sized hits into potent inhibitors. 相似文献