Operant investigation of mating preference in female rats.

Permitted 4 female Long-Evans hooded rats to indicate preferred mating partners by giving them operant control over the choice of a pair of sexually active males. Pressing 1 of 2 levers released 1 of the pair of male rats which was then allowed a single sexual contact. It was possible for a female to establish a preference in less than 10 estrous matings. No preference was apparent during diestrus tests, but preference returned when the female was again placed in estrus. When the males released by the levers were rotated in the apparatus, those females showing a preference altered their behavior accordingly. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effect of gamma-ray and ethylene oxide sterilization on collagen-based wound-repair materials

The effects of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 Mrad gamma-irradiation and ethylene oxide sterilization on collagen-coated vicryl mesh, on collagen film and vicryl mesh were investigated. No cytotoxic effects were observed towards either L929 cells or human fibroblasts with any of the treatments, even at the highest doses of irradiation. Although the rate of biodegradation and tissue reaction towards the test materials appeared to be relatively unaffected by ethylene oxide, the rate of breakdown in the lumbar muscles of laboratory rats was considerably increased by irradiation. Dose-dependent irradiation damage to the vicryl mesh was confirmed in vitro using viscometry and by an increase in the rate of hydrolysis in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C. Tensiometric studies on irradiated collagen films showed a dose-dependent reduction in both the break load and elongation before breaking. A small reduction in the break load and stretch to breaking was also observed following treatment with ethylene oxide. The findings presented favour ethylene oxide as a method of sterilization of both the composite membrane and its individual components. However, gamma-irradiation produced no toxic effects or adverse tissue reaction under the conditions described, and is more convenient to use. Hence, provided that the efficacy of the membrane would not be compromised by the higher rate of degradation, it could also be considered for sterilization of the material.     

Shotcrete for rock support: a summary report on the state of the art in 15 countries

This ITA Report is a compilation of guidelines from 15 countries on materials and mix design, production and performance of shotcrete, as well as national guidelines concerning quality control and test methods. The report also deals with the extent and requirements of both preconstruction tests and routine tests, and applicable test methods. It should be observed that although the report itself does not put forth recommendations, it presents a summary of what is generally official recommended or suggested practice in different countries today.     

Correction to Anderson, Horowitz, and French.

In the article, "Attributional Style of Lonely and Depressed People," by Craig A. Anderson, Leonard M. Horowitz, and Rita deSales French (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1983, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 127-136), there were errors consisting of several reversed signs on the ability attributional style correlations with loneliness and depression. Corrections are published here. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1984-06765-001). Compared the attributional styles of lonely and nonlonely people and of depressed and nondepressed people in 2 studies. A questionnaire was formed, consisting of 20 hypothetical situations. Half of the situations were interpersonal, and half were not; half described successful outcomes, and half described failures. S selected an attributional alternative that best explained the outcome. The questionnaire was administered to 304 college students, along with the Beck Depression Inventory and the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Results show that lonely and depressed people ascribe interpersonal failures to unchangeable characterological defects in themselves (e.g., a lack of ability). Because the prototype of a lonely person is more singularly interpersonal than is the prototype of a depressed person, it was hypothesized that loneliness would show higher correlations with the attributional style. This hypothesis was confirmed in Study 2 with approximately 200 college students. Findings were replicated using a modified version of the questionnaire. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Phase relationships in the ambient temperature LixV2O5 system (0.1<x<1.0)

Three solid phases in the ambient temperature system Li_xV₂O₅ (0.1<x<1.0) have been synthesised and characterised. Unit cell dimensions for all phases have been determined from Guinier powder X-ray analysis and are closely related to those of the parent oxide V₂O₅. An open circuit voltage vs. x plot suggests the following ranges of homogeneity - phase I 0<x<0.1, phase II 0.35<x<0.5, phase III 0.9<x<1.0.     

Cryopreservation of bovine buffy coat leukocytes for use in immunologic studies

A simple cryogenic technique for preserving bovine buffy coat leukocytes was developed. This was coupled with a variation of the standard discontinuous gradient technique to purify mononuclear cells that retained immunologic function. The total number of mononuclear cells recovered from cyropreserved samples were only 87 to 42% of those recovered from freshly obtained blood samples. However, the functional capabilities of mononuclear cells from cyopreserved buffy coat preparations were retained. Polyclonal proliferative responses to 3 mitogens were measured, using a titration of mitogen concentrations, and were found to be normal, compared with those of cells isolated from fresh blood. Blood samples collected after vaccination with Brucella abortus contained leukocytes that responded to irradiated B abortus. These antigen-specific responses were also retained through cyopreservation. Cell surface expression of T-lymphocyte antigens, CD2, CD4, and CD8, and cell-surface IgM on B lymphocytes was also evaluated. Flow cytometric analysis of fresh and cryopreserved mononuclear cell preparations indicated that the relative proportions of different subpopulations were not altered. The technical simplicity of our cryopreservation system will allow processing of large numbers of samples with the ability to assay various immune functions at a later time.     

Some characteristics in affiliation motivation.

151 students in Officer Candidate School were given a measure of affiliation motivation. (1) Increased affiliation cues in the environment increase the level of both goal oriented and threat oriented responses. (2) Popularity is unrelated to level of affiliation motivation but does determine the extent to which the S is goal or threat oriented. (3) Those Ss with high internal affiliation motivation are more responsive to external affiliation cues than are Ss with low internal motivation. (4) Those Ss with high affiliation motivation tend to estimate their popularity level more accurately and to estimate it higher than Ss with low affiliation motivation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cost-effectiveness of detecting breast cancer in lower socioeconomic status African American and Hispanic women through mobile mammography services

A new method based on jackknifing is presented for measuring the difference between two conditions in the onset latencies of the lateralized readiness potential (LRP). The method can be used with both stimulus- and response-locked LRPs, and simulations indicate that it provides accurate estimates of onset latency differences in many common experimental conditions.