土工合成材料在浙江省的生产与应用

着重介绍了各种土工合成材料,如土工编织布、针刺非织造布、塑料排水板、土工模袋等的特性与应用情况。     

The eating quality of meat of steers fed grass and/or concentrates

The objective was to determine, relative to animals expressing their full potential for carcass growth, the impact on meat quality of increasing carcass growth of grazing steers by supplementing with concentrates or by increasing grass supply. Sixty-six continental (Limousin and Charolais) crossbred steers (567 kg) were assigned to one of six diets: (1) 18 kg grass dry matter (DM); (2) 18 kg grass DM grass and 2.5 kg concentrate; (3) 18 kg grass DM and 5 kg concentrate; (4) 6 kg grass DM and 5 kg concentrate; (5) 12 kg grass DM and 2.5 kg concentrate; or (6) concentrates daily. Animals were slaughtered after an average of 95 days. Samples of the M. longissmus dorsi (LD) were collected at the 8–9th rib interface and subjected to sensory analysis and to other assessments of quality following 2, 7, or 14 days aging. Carcass weight gain averaged 360, 631, 727, 617, 551 and 809 g/day for treatments 1 to 6, respectively. There was no difference between diets for colour, Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) or any sensory attribute of the LD. WBSF was negatively correlated with (P<0.05) carcass growth rate (−0.31) but only a small proportion of the variation in meat quality between animals could be attributed to diet pre-slaughter or carcass fatness. It is concluded that high carcass growth can be achieved on a grass-based diet without a deleterious effect on meat quality.     

Challenges and changes: Tunnelling activities in Japan 1994

The paper summarizes the activities of the Japan Tunnelling Association, and gives an overview of important projects currently under design and construction in Japan, and of innovations in technology that have recently been developed and/or used on Japanese tunnel projects.     

A short-term look at potential changes in Lake Michigan slimy sculpin diets

Diporeia hoyi and Mysis relicta are the most important prey items of slimy sculpins (Cottus cognatus) in the Great Lakes. Slimy sculpins were collected from dreissenid-infested bottoms off seven Lake Michigan ports at depths of 27–73 m in fall 2003 to study their lake-wide diets. Relatively large dreissenid biomass occurred at depths of 37- and 46-m. Quagga mussels (Dreissena bugnesis) composed at least 50% of dreissenid biomass at Manistique, Saugatuck, and Sturgeon Bay. Mysis accounted for 82% of the sculpin diet by dry weight at eastern Lake Michigan while Diporeia composed 54–69% of the diet at western Lake Michigan and dominated the diets of slimy sculpins at all sites deeper than 46 m. In northern Lake Michigan, this diet study in new sites showed that slimy sculpin consumed more prey with low energy contents, especially chironomids, than Mysis and Diporeia in shallow sites (depth <55 m). We recommend diet studies on sedentary benthic fishes to be conducted along perimeters of the Great Lakes to observe changes in their diets that may be impacted by changing benthic macroinvertebrate communities.     

Short communication: effect of pH on absorption of immunoglobulin G in neonatal calves

We fed newborn calves (n = 60) maternal colostrum (n = 12) or a colostral supplement product derived from edible bovine serum (n = 48). Sodium citrate was added to supplements to achieve a final pH of 7.5, 7.0, 6.0, and 5.0. Calves were fed colostrum (2 L/feeding) or supplement (454 g reconstituted in 2 L of water) at 1.2 and 12.6 h of age, which provided a total of 156 (colostrum) or 90 (supplement) g of IgG. We sampled jugular blood at 0 and 24 h of age to determine plasma IgG. Mean plasma IgG concentrations at 0 and 24 h of age were 0 and 6.7 g/L and were markedly higher in calves fed maternal colostrum compared with supplements (10.7 vs. 6.5 g/L) and were higher in Jersey vs. Holstein calves (8.5 vs. 6.1 g/L). Estimated apparent efficiency of IgG absorption was unaffected by treatment and averaged 20%. These data indicate that pH of colostral supplements between 7.5 and 5.0 do not markedly influence the efficiency of IgG absorption.     

1999年世界市场上的新纺织染料(I)

详细介绍了１９９９年世界市场开发的新纺织染料的主要特点及各类新纺织染料商品,对调整我国染料品种结构、开发和研制新纺织染料以及纺织印染行业选择染料具有实用价值。