甲醇蒸汽重整制氢催化剂的研究进展(上)

甲醇作为氢能载体,利用蒸汽重整反应能够产生富氢气体,可以满足工业、燃料电池等对氢气的需求.综述了近几年重整反应中主要催化剂的研究进展,阐述了催化剂制备方法、助剂和载体等对催化剂活性和稳定性的影响,并归纳了重整反应在Cu基和Pd基催化剂上的反应机理以及催化剂的失活原因,对各自的优势和不足进行了分析.最后提出系统研究催化剂...     

Bottom-Up法计算油田注入水中三种细菌的不确定度

为保持地下压力,在油田开采过程中需向地下油层中注水,注入水中最为常见的三种细菌是腐生菌、铁细菌和硫酸还原菌,这些细菌的存在会降低注入水水质并腐蚀管道,影响油田开采。为客观评价三种细菌检测的准确度,采用绝迹稀释法检测技术,利用Bottom-Up法,通过21组数据对三种细菌检测方法的不确定度进行计算。结果表明,绝迹稀释法检测油田注水三种细菌的不确定度分别为:硫酸还原菌±4 mL^-1,腐生菌±6 mL^-1,铁细菌±16 mL^-1。通过Bottom-Up法对检测不确定度进行评估,可真实、准确地反应油田注入水中三种细菌的实际含量范围,为油田注水达标提供技术保障。     

EH690高强钢焊管焊接工艺及质量控制

为了获得性能优良的海洋工程用EH690焊管焊接接头,开展了EH690高强钢焊接工艺研究,针对EH690焊管进行了气体保护焊和埋弧焊组合工艺的焊接工艺评定试验,对焊接接头进行了无损检测和力学性能试验,并提出了相应的生产过程质量控制措施。结果表明,采取预热、控制层间温度、后热和保温缓冷、合理匹配焊材、低热输入焊接参数等焊管生产过程严格的质量控制措施,可获得性能优良的焊接接头。该工艺和质量控制措施已在铺管船和起重机臂架用焊管的批量生产中得到应用,可满足焊接结构的使用安全要求。     

A general approach to generate Rayleigh fading simulators with correct statistical properties

Rayleigh fading channel is widely modeled using sum‐of‐sinusoids simulators. In the paper, the construction method of an accuracy simulator is of concern. The intrinsic relationships between path gain, angle of incoming wave (angle of arrival), and initial phase are analyzed. At the same time, rules of simulator construction were proposed. According to these rules, the second‐order statistical properties of designed simulators match to the desired ones perfectly. Furthermore, our method can be an elicitation to generate simulators with correct high‐order statistical properties. In addition, a realization based on the construction method is designed to example how to use these construction rules. The new realization can be used to generate multiple uncorrelated fading waveforms for frequency‐selective fading channels, multiple‐input multiple‐output channels, and diversity combining scenarios. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Conflict Detection Scheme for Concurrency Control of R-tree

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MPEG标准中的音频编码与应用

MPEG系列标准是计算机多媒体应用比较广泛的国际标准之一,音频编码是这标准中的重要内容.近年来人们对压缩音频数据的研究已经取得了很大的进展,本文对几种MPEG音频编码标准进行了较为详细的分析和比较,并简要介绍了它们主要的应用.     

Oligocrystalline Shape Memory Alloys

Copper‐based shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit excellent shape memory properties in single crystalline form. However, when they are polycrystalline, their shape memory properties are severely compromised by brittle fracture arising from transformation strain incompatibility at grain boundaries and triple junctions. Oligocrystalline shape memory alloys (oSMAs) are microstructurally designed SMA structures in which the total surface area exceeds the total grain boundary area, and triple junctions can even be completely absent. Here it is shown how an oligocrystalline structure provides a means of achieving single crystal‐like SMA properties without being limited by constraints of single crystal processing. Additionally, the formation of oSMAs typically involves the reduction of the size scale of specimens, and sample size effects begin to emerge. Recent findings on a size effect on the martensitic transformation in oSMAs are compared and a new regime of heat transfer associated with the transformation heat evolution in these alloys is discussed. New results on unassisted two‐way shape memory and the effect of loading rate in oSMAs are also reported.     

A Stage-Wise Soft-Error Detection Scheme for Flip-Flop Based Pipelines in Secure Cloud Servers

The shrinking feature sizes make transistors increasingly susceptible to soft errors, which can severely degrade the systems’ RAS (Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability). The tough challenge results from not only increasing SER (soft error rate) of storage cells, but also the increasing susceptibility of combinational logics to soft errors. How to efficiently detect soft errors becomes the primary problem in the Backward Error Recovery (BER) schemes that are cost-effective in soft error tolerance. This paper presents a soft error detection scheme, AUDITOR, for flip-flop based pipelines. The AUDITOR copes with both types of soft errors—single event upset (SEU) and single event transient (SET). We propose a “local-audit” fault detection mechanism, by which each pipeline stage is verified independently and the verifying result registers with a dedicated “audit” bit (V-bit). All the V-bits are distributed across the whole pipeline and synergically monitor the pipeline execution. To relax the constraint of SET detection capability imposed by the inherent fully synchronous operation mode in flip-flop based pipelines, we firstly propose using path-compensation technique to address this constraint. Furthermore, a reuse-based design paradigm is employed to reduce the implementation complexity and area overhead. The AUDITOR possesses robust detection capability and short detection latency, at the expense of about 29 % and 50 % increase in area and power consumption, respectively.     

环境友好型防腐蚀颜料在涂料中的应用及研究进展

介绍了国内外防腐蚀涂料用的多种环境友好型防腐蚀颜料如磷酸盐、钼酸盐、硼酸盐、离子交换树脂、复合铁钛粉及片状颜料的研究进展及在防腐蚀涂料中的应用.     

Joint power and rate allocation for spectrum sharing cognitive radio multicast networks under service outage constraint

This letter considers a downlink spectrum sharing cognitive radio (CR) multicast network coexisting with a primary network. The problem of joint power and rate allocation to maximize the average sum rate is studied. In this regard, a joint power and rate allocation scheme is proposed, where the allocated rate can be higher than the lowest rate of all the secondary users (SUs) within the same group, which is different from the conventional multicast transmission scheme. To guarantee the quality of service (QoS) of the SU, the service outage probability defined as the probability that the maximum achievable rate of the SU is lower than the rate of the group, is constrained to be under a certain threshold, which is termed as the service outage constraint. The numerical results show that the proposed scheme provides significant improvement over the conventional scheme in terms of average sum rate.