Low Dose Irradiation Influence on Yield and Quality of Fruit Juice

Granny Smith apples, Valencia oranges, and Pearlette grapes grown in Queensland, Australia were irradiated at 0, 75, 300 and 600 Gy. Following irradiation, juice was extracted and analysed for quality and compositional changes. Irradiation treatment significantly (p<0.05) decreased yield of apple juice (by 6.3% w/w at 600 Gy) and grape juice (by 4.8% w/w at 600 Gy) but did not significantly (p>0.05) affect yield of orange juice (OJ). Acceptability significantly (p<0.05) decreased in OJ after 600 Gy treatment. Other changes in quality and composition were minimal. Juice from irradiated apples and oranges stored at 5°C for 8 wk showed similar results.     

Comparison of High Performance Liquid Chromatographic, Radiometric, and Lactobacillus casei Methods for the Determination of Folacin in Selected Foods

The results of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC), competitive binding radiometric, and Lactobacillus casei methods were compared for the determination of total folacin in raw cabbage, a fortified cereal, and a fortified infant formula. A cation exchange procedure was developed which permitted the analysis of cabbage folacin by reverse phase HPLC after hydrolysis of folacin polyglutamates with endogenous conjugase. Although general agreement was observed between assays for the cereal product, marked variation was found for cabbage and the infant formula. These results suggest that the accuracy of the radiometric and L. casei assays may be influenced by the distribution of folacin derivatives present and other sample components. Reverse phase HPLC provides a direct analysis which is not subject to such variability.     

Procedures for change detection using Landsat digital data

Resource management agencies are interested in knowing when and how satellite data can be effectively used to monitor environmental change and what information can be expected from remote sensing techniques. In this paper the procedures that might be followed in applying the complementary methods of band ratioing and post-classification change detection to monitor a large remote area are outlined. Examples from research in the Peace-Athabasca Delta are used to illustrate the procedures and expected results.     

Asymptotically stable multiple-input multiple-output direct model reference adaptive controller for processes not necessarily satisfying a positive real constraint

This paper presents an asymptotic output tracking stability proof for a new modification to a direct model reference adaptive control procedure. This modification, which alleviates a very restrictive positive real constraint, greatly expands the class of processes that can now be controlled with zero output error. This paper presents illustrative examples demonstrating the utility of the algorithm.     

PUTTING ARTISTS ON THE MAP: THE GEOGRAPHY OF ARTISTS IN CUYAHOGA COUNTY,OHIO

ABSTRACT: Across the country, urban leaders are developing arts‐focused urban policy, but much remains unknown about artists’ geography—particularly in contracting, rustbelt cities. Using Cuyahoga County, Ohio, this article describes the geography of artists and explores methodologies for predicting artist‐concentrated neighborhoods. The research questions if, and how, scholars can predict artist neighborhoods and design policies to support and nurture these locations. It maps and analyzes existing patterns using survey, property, and Census data, and predicts artist‐friendly neighborhoods via a regression model. The analysis reveals neighborhoods’ residual capacity for artists and directs initial policy recommendations for an artist‐focused vacant land reutilization initiative. For scholars, the findings contribute to a rapidly growing body of literature about the relationship between artists, neighborhood revitalization, and urban policy. For practitioners, the research investigates one strategy for shaping land policy in the post‐2008 housing market.     

Ratios of leaf reflectances in narrow wavebands as indicators of plant stress

Ratios of leaf reflectances that were measured within narrow wavebands (2nm) were evaluated as indicators of plant stress. Wavebands used in ratio computation were based on earlier studies that determined the wavelength regions in which reflectance was most affected by 8 stress agents among 6 plant species. Several ratios, such as reflectance at 695 nm divided by reflectance at 670 nm (R695/R670), were affected by some but not all stress agents. However, R695/R420, R605/R760, R695/R760 and R710/R760 were significantly greater (p≤0·05) in stressed compared with non-stressed leaves for all stress agents. The ratios that most strongly indicated plant stress were reflectance at 695 nm divided by reflectance at 420 nm or 760 nm.     

A multi-factor plant layout methodology

This paper presents a formulation for the plant layout problem, incorporating more than two input factors that may be either qualitative or quantitative in nature. A heuristic is presented which combines a construction and improvement procedure to quickly develop a good layout from the formulation. The output layout from the heuristic may be used directly as the final layout or it may be used as a good starting layout for any other computerized layout improvement procedure. The heuristic is illustrated with a practical example of a large plant with 36 departments.     

MODULAR DESIGN OF HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORKS

In a competitive market the design and operating decisions of the competing firms influence their own and their competitors’ profitability. Game theory suggests ways in which the competitors’ intentions can be allowed for Its use is illustrated with reference to a simple chemical plant example.

In the first part of the paper the decision making problem for competing firms is cast into a Lagrange multiplier formulation for constrained optimization. This gives new insight into the conventional micro-economic formulations, enables more comprehensive results to be obtained for the Russell and Bogaert problem (1980) and resolves some apparent discrepancies. The treatment also illustrates how a two-level decision problem can be solved in a competitive environment where, as is very commonly found, design decisions are irrevocable once the plant has been built but operating conditions can be adjusted to match the current situation.

The second part of the paper treats the case in which the two participating firms agree to co-operate to their mutual benefit. However, the way in which the benefits of this co-operation are divided between the participants is determined by the pressure each can exert on the other by potentially threatening behaviour. Numerical results are presented for the earlier example for various scenarios and compared with the results obtained for purely competitive activity in the first part of the paper