Serratia marcescens非特异性核酸酶研究进展

Serratia marcescens核酸酶是一种非特异性核酸内切酶,可降解不同形式的DNA和RNA。本文综合国内外的研究概况,主要介绍了Serratia marcescens非特异性核酸酶的水解位点、催化机制及其降解底物的特点,另外也阐述了Serratia marcescens非特异性核酸酶的原核表达的研究以及其应用现状,为Serratia marcescens非特异性核酸酶更深层次的研究提供理论基础。     

碳纤/环氧复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤机理研究

对[0/90/0/90]_(2s)和[+45/-45/0/90]_(2s)以及平纹布铺层方式的T300/环氧复合材料层合板进行低速冲击实验,在圆形试样的基础上比较不同铺层结构的复合材料在冲击性能方面的差异,从冲击能量传播的角度分析不同铺层结构复合材料的冲击破坏机理。并在ABAQUS有限元模拟的基础上分析冲击破坏的能量传播机理。结果表明冲击能量的传播与复合材料层合板中织物沿厚度方向的铺层结构有关,也与每一层织物内纤维的方向和纤维的空间结构有关。冲击能量在排列很直的纤维中传播很快,沿纤维轴向的损伤更容易传递,所以单向布铺层的复合材料与平纹布铺层的复合材料相比,冲击中心区域的损伤小,但是损伤的范围大,纤维的弯曲会降低冲击能量沿纤维轴向的传播速度,平纹织物中每一层纤维存在交织点,冲击能量集中在冲击中心区域,使得平纹布铺层的复合材料冲击损伤集中于冲击中心处且损伤程度比单向布铺层的复合材料大,出现更多的纤维断裂情况。在铺层复合材料中纤维排列的方向越多,沿纤维轴向传播的能量方向也就越多,冲击能量在每一层的面内传播更均匀,有利于减轻复合材料受冲击的损伤程度。     

双酚类化合物的合成及应用进展研究

双酚类化合物普遍应用在合成聚碳酸酯、环氧树脂,在聚醚和聚酯等领域也同样被广泛应用。它们是合成高分子材料的重要单体。本文依次介绍了硫酸法、氯化氢法、离子交换树脂法、分子筛法、杂多酸法、新型固体酸法和离子液体法合成双酚类化合物的传统的工业合成方法和一些新工艺,并简要地叙述了双酚类化合物在环氧树脂、聚碳酸酯等合成材料中的应用。     

加油站一、二次油气回收系统设计

国内加油站油气资源浪费严重,并且污染环境,开展加油站油气回收工艺改造项目可缓解环保压力,实现资源的有效回收利用。以湖南省油气回收改造子项目为例,详细介绍了一次油气回收系统和二次油气回收系统的设计。     

煤化工高含盐废水处理技术存在问题及发展趋势

介绍了"零排放"技术存在的问题及未来发展趋势,分析了大型煤化工行业高含盐废水处理的技术走向。     

玻璃钢复合材料耐海水腐蚀性能及抗Cl~-渗透寿命预测

采用70℃、3.5%(质量分数)的海盐溶液对不饱和聚酯玻璃钢及环氧乙烯基酯玻璃钢进行加速老化实验,研究了玻璃钢的耐海水腐蚀性能,并对2 mm厚的玻璃钢防护层的抗Cl~-渗透寿命进行了预测。结果表明:不饱和聚酯玻璃钢在海水中容易发生水解腐蚀,其抗Cl~-渗透寿命约为30 a;而环氧乙烯基酯玻璃钢的抗Cl~-渗透寿命约为70 a,具有更好的耐海水腐蚀性能。     

多轴机床综合误差补偿策略研究

建立精确的误差模型,并对机床进行误差补偿是提高机床加工精度的有效方法。文章以自主研发的五轴机床为研究对象,测量在不同温度状态下导轨的定位误差,通过分析实测数据,得到机床误差分布规律和影响定位误差的关键因素。根据几何误差与热误差的不同特性进行误差分离,分别建立几何和热误差数学模型,最后叠加得到综合误差数学模型。根据综合误差模型,提出机床误差补偿策略,为多轴数控机床实施误差补偿提供基础。     

Evidence of multimicrometric coherent γ′ precipitates in a hot‐forged γ–γ′ nickel‐based superalloy

This paper demonstrates the existence of large γ’ precipitates (several micrometres in diameter) that are coherent with their surrounding matrix grain in a commercial γ–γ’ nickel‐based superalloy. The use of combined energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analyses allowed for revealing that surprising feature, which was then confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Coherency for such large second‐phase particles is supported by a very low crystal lattice misfit between the two phases, which was confirmed thanks to X‐ray diffractograms and TEM selected area electron diffraction patterns. Dynamic recrystallization of polycrystalline γ–γ’ nickel‐based superalloys has been extensively studied in terms of mechanisms and kinetics. As in many materials with low stacking fault energy, under forging conditions, the main softening mechanism is discontinuous dynamic recrystallization. This mechanism occurs with preferential nucleation on the grain boundaries of the deformed matrix. The latter is then being consumed by the growth of the newly formed grains of low energy and by nucleation that keeps generating new grains. In the case of sub‐solvus forging, large γ’ particles usually pin the migrating boundaries and thus limit grain growth to a size which is determined by the distribution of second‐phase particles, in good agreement with the Smith–Zener model. Under particular circumstances, the driving force associated with the difference in stored energy between the growing grains and the matrix can be large enough that the pinning forces can be overcome, and some grains can then reach much larger grain sizes. In the latter exceptional case, some intragranular primary γ’ particles can be observed, although they are almost exclusively located on grain boundaries and triple junctions otherwise. In both cases, primary precipitates have no special orientation relationship with the surrounding matrix grain(s). This paper demonstrates the existence of high fractions of large γ’ precipitate (several micrometres in diameter) that are coherent with their surrounding matrix grain, in a commercial γ–γ’ nickel‐based superalloy. Such a configuration is very surprising, because there is apparently no reason for the coherency of such particles.     

Fine structure characterization of martensite/austenite constituent in low‐carbon low‐alloy steel by transmission electron forward scatter diffraction

Transmission electron forward scatter diffraction and other characterization techniques were used to investigate the fine structure and the variant relationship of the martensite/austenite (M/A) constituent of the granular bainite in low‐carbon low‐alloy steel. The results demonstrated that the M/A constituents were distributed in clusters throughout the bainitic ferrite. Lath martensite was the main component of the M/A constituent, where the relationship between the martensite variants was consistent with the Nishiyama–Wassermann orientation relationship and only three variants were found in the M/A constituent, suggesting that the variants had formed in the M/A constituent according to a specific mechanism. Furthermore, the Σ3 boundaries in the M/A constituent were much longer than their counterparts in the bainitic ferrite region. The results indicate that transmission electron forward scatter diffraction is an effective method of crystallographic analysis for nanolaths in M/A constituents.     

核电用508-III钢窄间隙脉冲TIG单层单道钨极摆动焊工艺

文中介绍了窄间隙脉冲TIG单层单道钨极摆动焊的工艺特点,针对核电用508-III钢材料进行了焊接工艺性试验,设计了合适的窄间隙焊接坡口形式,根据试验数据,得出了不同厚度核电用508-III钢材料的窄间隙脉冲TIG单层单道钨极摆动焊坡口尺寸范围,分析了焊接电流、电弧电压、焊接速度、送丝速度、钨极摆角、热丝电流形式、保护气体流量对焊接过程和焊接质量的影响,制定了相应的工艺过程控制措施。通过焊接工艺试验,获得了探伤合格的焊缝,接头力学性能指标满足国内三代核电产品技术条件的要求。