Speech development in preschool children. II. Sex differences in articulation and tongue motility

Transfatty acids are geometrical isomers of the naturally occurring cis-fatty acids, and their molecular configuration is more like that of the corresponding saturated fatty acid. In view of the large amounts of trans-acids in commercially prepared margarines, metabolic studies with trans-acids have received a great deal of attention. Although there are differences in the absorption and digestion of trans-acids and although considerable amounts are deposited in various tissues, no definite signs of toxicity have been observed. An important finding is the increased requirement for essential fatty acids in animals fed high levels of trans-acids. In recent work carried out in Kummerow's laboratory, aortic lesions were found in swine fed large amounts of trans-acids. Evaluation of the data suggests that factors other than trans-acids, per se, may have been responsible for the occurrence of the lesions. As yet, there does not seem to be any valid reason why trans-acids should be excluded from the diet as long as their intake is associated with a high enough level of essential fatty acids in the diet.     

Investigation of the elementary reactions in the synthesis of poly(hydroxethers) in dipolar,aprotic solvents

The effect of the hydroxyl groups of various phenols on the course of the reaction of their alkali metal salts with epichlorohydrin in dipolar, aprotic solvents has been studied. It was found that the presence of phenols in the system leads to the formation of a complex salt of the type (ArO … H … OAr)^?Mt⁺, and to a considerable decrease in the reaction rate. The mechanism of the reaction of chlorohydrin ethers of phenols with alkali metal phenolates was also studied. The effect of various factors on the course of the reaction of glycidyl ethers with phenols was determined by kinetic measurements.     

Prediction of attenuation due to rain: Characteristics of the 0°C isotherm in temperate and tropical climates

A detailed investigation of the vertical structure of rain and of the characteristics of the 0°C isotherm height in both rainy and non-rainy conditions has been carried out in connection with the prediction of rain attenuation on Earth-satellite links. Radiosonde data have been analysed for eight and nine locations in the southern and northern hemispheres, respectively. The temporal, latitudinal variations and the relationship between the 0°C isotherm height and ground meteorological parameters such as rainfall, temperature and relative humidity, are reported. The equivalent rain height measured along the Earth-satellite link is compared with the heights obtained from meteorological data.     

Complete switching in a three-terminal Sagnac switch

A three-terminal all-optical fiber switch based on a fiber Sagnac interferometer is described. The use of polarization components allows the construction of a switch in which the control beam and signal beam are isolated (i.e. the device is three terminal) and which is cascadable (the device output can drive its inputs). The interaction length need not be limited by the walkoff length in the fiber, as cross-splices can be made in the birefringent fiber to permit multiple passes. Contrast ratios as high as 40:1 have been demonstrated in a switch driven by an amplified laser diode.<>     

Beschichten nach den PVD-Verfahren

Coating with PVD-Techniques This paper deals with the physical vapor deposition processes reviewed by the literature: the coatings, the influence of different parameters on the properties of these coatings, the deposition rates.     

The galanin antagonist, M-15, inhibits growth hormone release in rats

The neuropeptide, galanin, has been implicated in the regulation of rat growth hormone (rGH) release. In the present study, adult male rats were implanted dually with cannulae to the lateral cerebral ventricle and the right atrium. After surgical recovery, rats were infused with M-15, a specific galanin antagonist, into the lateral ventricle. During the course of this brain infusion, rats were subjected to serial blood sampling with red cell and artificial plasma replacement under stress-free conditions. Plasma was saved for rGH assay. Treatment with M-15 reduced rGH pulse amplitude and pulse frequency when compared to vehicle-infused controls. These data suggest that brain galanin participates in the ongoing stimulation of pulsatile rGH release in the adult male rat.