In Situ Management of Ions Migration to Control Hysteresis Effect for Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells

As one of the most promising photovoltaic materials, the efficiency of inorganic–organic hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached 25.5% in 2020. However, the stability and hysteresis remain primary challenges before it can become a commercial photovoltaic technology. Therefore, those issues have drawn significant attention for photovoltaic applications. In this work, a study of the PSCs hysteresis improvement is presented based on a combination of first-principles simulations, scanning electron microscopy images, and time-dependent photocurrent measurements. It indicates the hysteresis led by the ion migration and accumulation is mainly localized at the two interfaces: one is between electron transport layer and active layer, and the other is between active layer and hole transport layer. Considering the massive defects at the grain boundaries (GBs), they lower the potential barriers significantly. The defect density at GBs is therefore reduced via the in situ passivation of PbI₂ crystals. The hysteresis index is decreased from 22.43% down to 1.04%, and results in an improvement in efficiency from 17.12% up to 20.10%. Following the understanding of defect-induced hysteresis, an approach to improve the hysteresis is provided, which can be integrated into the fabrication process and widely applied to enhance the performance of PSCs.     

接触线几何参数CCD交汇测量分辨率及精度分析

采用双CCD交汇测量技术对电力机车接触导线磨损面边界点进行精确定位,可以实现导线高度、拉出值、磨损宽度等几何参数的非接触实时测量,而边界点定位精度及分辨率会受测量系统的光学参数、结构参数等的影响.基于交汇测量机理,推导出了接触线几何参数测量的表达式,详细分析了分辨率和测量精度与边界点位置、CCD像元尺寸、成像镜头焦距、两CCD之间的距离、交汇仰角等参数之间的关系,并进行了数值模拟.在此基础上,结合测量条件及技术指标完成了各参数的优化设计,得到了理论上能达到的最佳测量精度和分辨率,同时对测量装置的制作和安装提出了合理化的建议.     

全景航空相机性能检测系统设计

为实现全景航空相机对地面目标的检测要求,根据其工作原理设计出一套可完成高精度、多参数航空相机的室内检测系统。首先在分析其性能指标和工作原理的基础上,给出了该检测系统的总体方案。详细设计了系统的主要组成部分:远目标模拟系统即大视场平行光管,动态图形发生系统等结构。提出平行光管和动态图形发生器核心参数的测试方法后,对所设计的检测系统进行实际测试,结果显示其整体性能满足所提设计要求。     

光纤环应力分布测试对光纤陀螺性能的影响

通过对光纤环进行应力分布测试和筛选,实现了改善光纤陀螺性能的目的。分析研究了由应力作用产生的光纤环非互易性对陀螺输出特性的影响,采用光纤应力分析仪对光纤环进行应力测试和筛选。并将经过光纤环在线测试和热应力测试筛选后的光纤环组装成陀螺进行零偏实验。实验结果表明:采用应力分析仪能够有效对光纤环进行应力测试和筛选,经过筛选后组装的光纤陀螺精度有了明显改善,全温范围内零偏稳定性可达0.08 ()/h。对后续高精度光纤陀螺研制有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于RCMA的运载火箭活动发射平台大修方法设计研究

以可靠性为中心的维修分析是目前装备维修设计的常用分析方法.针对运载火箭活动发射平台,运用RCMA的理论和分析流程,研究并提出发射平台大修项目和方法,为其他同类大型复杂产品的大修提供参考和借鉴.     

基于MSP430 单片机的智能手枪枪-弹识别系统

为解决丢失枪、弹后给社会带来的危害及加强警方对枪、弹的管控等问题,基于MSP430 单片机与无线 射频技术(radio frequency identification,RFID)设计一套智能枪-弹识别系统。该系统包括接触式电子击发手枪弹、 枪内处理单元2 部分,可以实现枪-弹识别：正常击发编写过特殊识别码的子弹,对码失败或没有编写识别码的普通 子弹无法完成击发,并在击发失败后触发失败提醒。结果表明：该系统可以有效减少因枪支违法外流带来的生命财 产损失,加强枪、弹管控。     

双轮廓仪金属增材制造工件表面3 维重建技术

为解决金属增材制造的零件易出现变形的问题,开展基于双轮廓仪的变形检测技术研究。以激光三角测 量法为测量核心方法,通过点云数据拼接处理,完成了工件表面形貌的3 维重建。实验验证结果表明：该系统能达 到的测量分辨率为2 μm,可为金属增材制造加工过程的变形检测技术提供一种新的检测手段。     

逻辑靶场操作流程设计

为正确执行逻辑靶场事件,充分利用试验与训练使能体系结构(test and training enabling architecture,TENA) 资源,对逻辑靶场操作流程进行剖析。理清TENA 与逻辑靶场之间的关系,明确TENA 资源的种类,在对逻辑靶场 操作概念进行分析的基础上,对逻辑靶场操作的过程及主要活动进行详细设计。结果表明,该设计为顺利实施LVC 测试训练提供了理论基础。     

UV‐Triggered Polydopamine Secondary Modification: Fast Deposition and Removal of Metal Nanoparticles

Since the first report in 2007, polydopamine (PDA) coating has shown great potential as a general and versatile method to create functional nanocoatings on arbitrary substrates. Slow kinetics and poor controllability of the coating and secondary modification processes, however, have limited the further development of this attractive method. In this work, it is demonstrated that UV irradiation at 365 nm significantly accelerates the process of secondary modification of a PDA‐coated surface. The kinetics of both thiol and amine modifications of PDA are increased 12‐fold via UV irradiation, while the kinetics of metal ion reduction at the PDA interface is increased more than 550 times. Moreover, it is demonstrated that irradiating a PDA/metal nanoparticle composite surface with UV light at 254 nm leads to dissolution of the deposited metal nanoparticles (MNPs). Finally, grayscale metallic patterns, dynamic deposition, and removal of MNPs on PDA surface are realized with the proposed method.     

Quantum light sources from semiconductor

Semiconductor provides a physics-rich environment to host various quantum light sources applicable for quantum information processing. These light sources are capable of deterministic generation of non-classical photon streams that demonstrate antibunching photon statistics, strong indistinguishability, and high-fidelity entanglement. Some of them have even successfully transitioned from proof-ofconcept to engineering efforts with steadily improving performance[ 1]. Here, we briefly summarize recent efforts and progress in the race towards ideal quantum light sources based on semiconductor materials. The focus of this report will be on group III–V semiconductor quantum dots, defects in wide band-gap materials, emitters in two-dimensional van der Waals layered hosts, and carbon nanotubes, as these systems are well-positioned to benefit from recent breakthroughs in nanofabrication and materials growth techniques.