Preparation of lightweight and hydrophobic natural biomass-based carbon aerogels for adsorption oils and organic solvents

Journal of Porous Materials - In the present work, an excellent carbon aerogel (PCA) with low density, hydrophobicity and porous structure has been successfully prepared by hydrothermal...     

Preparation,modification and deodorization performance of MCM-41 composite corn stalk

Journal of Porous Materials - A series of MCM-41 and corn stalk (SC) composites (SC-MCM-41) were prepared via hydrothermal method. When measured for a SC-MCM-41 with SC/MCM-41 mass ratio of 1:2,...     

Diffusion process in enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts

Enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts bridge the gap between enzymatic and heterogeneous catalysis, which is significant for expanding biocatalysis to a broader scope. Previous studies have demonstrated that the enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts exhibited considerably higher catalytic efficiency in cascade reactions, compared with that of the combination of separated enzyme and metal catalysts. However, the precise mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we investigated the diffusion process in enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts using Pd/lipase-Pluronic conjugates and the combination of immobilized lipase (Novozyme 435) and Pd/C as models. With reference to experimental data in previous studies, the Weisz–Prater parameter and efficiency factor of internal diffusion were calculated to evaluate the internal diffusion limitations in these catalysts. Thereafter, a kinetic model was developed and fitted to describe the proximity effect in hybrid catalysts. Results indicated that the enhanced catalytic efficiency of hybrid catalysts may arise from the decreased internal diffusion limitation, size effect of Pd clusters and proximity of the enzyme and metal active sites, which provides a theoretical foundation for the rational design of enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts.     

The Nitrolysis Mechanism of 3,7‐Dinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane

Two intermediates, 1,5‐dinitroso‐3,7‐dinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazacyclooctane (DNDS) and 1‐nitroso‐3,5,7‐trinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazacyclooctane (MNX), were isolated and characterized in the synthesis of 1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) from the nitrolysis of 3,7‐dinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane (DPT) for the first time. When the nitrolysis of DPT was slowed down, two intermediates were detected with HPLC. It was proposed that electrophilic NO₂⁺ and NO⁺ from HNO₃ and N₂O₄ might attack nitrogen atoms at positions 3 and 7 of DPT to form the cations of the intermediates, then nucleophilic H₂O attacked the bridge carbon atoms of DPT to produce the intermediates, which were oxidized to form HMX.     

催化裂化装置柴油系统腐蚀原因分析

陕西延长石油延安炼油厂现有一套1.0MMTA催化裂化装置,主要处理常压渣油。在装置运行过程中,发现分馏塔柴油系统出现了较为严重的腐蚀现象,其中柴油系统工艺管线、冷却设备因腐蚀穿孔多次出现泄露情况,对装置的安全平稳运行带来了严重影响。本文主要根据装置的腐蚀情况,分析了装置产生腐蚀的主要原因,初步探讨了腐蚀产生的机理,并根据实际生产过程中的经验,提出了一些可行性的预防措施。     

工程总承包质量与进度、成本的关系探讨

保证质量、控制进度和优化成本是工程总承包项目管理的重要环节,但在实施过程中,由于参建方各自所站的角度不同,不能处理好三者之间的相互关系。其结果是：质量管理效率低下,工程建设进度延误、成本增加。本文对工程总承包项目的质量、进度和成本三者之间的关系进行了探讨。     

浅析均化库在玻璃行业的方案选择和成本控制

由于均化库在玻璃厂的应用,玻璃产品质量得以提高。为了在激烈的市场竞争中更具优势,如何降低建筑成本,如何对均化库进行优化设计已成为关键问题。     

A New Ferroelectric Phase of YMnO3 Induced by Oxygen‐Vacancy Ordering

Manganese oxides are good candidates of strongly correlated electron materials due to the uniqueness of electronic structure of manganese and the mobility of oxygen among lattice sites under external impacts. Here, we used electron beam as the excitation source to explore the structural evolution of YMnO₃ and identified a new phase under the radiation of electron beam in the transmission electron microscope. Analyses of the electron energy‐loss spectra reveal that this phase originates from ordered oxygen vacancy. We applied the first principles calculation to pick out the optimized stable structure with a lower polarization, and verified its correctness by electron diffraction and image simulations. Analyses of density of states indicate that weak Y–O covalence is favorable for the existence of ferroelectricity, supporting the electrostatic nature of ferroelectricity in the YMnO₃.     

Cationic microgel emulsion with a high solid content by a multistep addition method in inverse microemulsion polymerization

The multistep addition of a monomer and initiator was developed to successfully synthesize cationic polyacrylamide microgels with solid contents (SCs) greater than 35% and cationic monomer concentrations of 0–40 mol % by inverse microemulsion polymerization. Two feed methods, three‐step nonuniform addition and five‐step uniform addition, were implemented to obtain microgel emulsions with 37% SC. The former addition method was designed according to the solubilization limit of the microemulsion before step polymerization, and that of the latter was a constant based on the remaining surfactant weight in the reactor. The product properties in the intermediate processes of these two methods were compared by dynamic light scattering and viscosity measurement. The results show that the products here were translucent microemulsions instead of milky ones when they were synthesized by a semicontinuous polymerization. Also, the particle sizes of these two methods were almost the same; this indicated that the oscillation phenomenon in continuous polymerization at a high SC was avoided. With the former feed method, the risk and operation cost in the synthesis process could be cut down greatly. Moreover, the viscosity of the cationic microgel emulsion conformed to the Krieger–Dougherty equation with a greater value of intrinsic viscosity than that of a hard‐sphere system because of an electroviscous effect. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40585.     

Hyperbranched polymers containing oxazoline monomers and succinic anhydride: Applications in fast drying,low solvent coating formulations

Melt-polycondensation of succinic acid anhydride with oxazoline-based diol monomers gave hyperbranched polymers with carboxylicacids terminal groups. ¹H NMR and quantitative ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with DEPT-135 ¹³C NMR experiment showed high degrees of branching (over 60%). Esterification of the acid end groups by addition of citronellol at 160 °C produced novel white spirit soluble resins which were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Blends of the new hyperbranched materials with commercial alkyd resins resulted in a dramatic, concentration dependent drop in viscosity. Solvent-borne coatings were formulated containing the hyperbranched polymers. Dynamic mechanical analysis studies revealed that the air drying rates of the new coating systems were enhanced compared with identical formulations containing only commercial alkyd resins.