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111.
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The paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical investigations of an electrodeionization process for the removal of metal cations from dilute solutions. The ability of this technique to treat 100 ppm copper solutions using cationic membranes and ion‐exchange resins between the membranes was studied. Fair abatement yields were obtained in the 100 mm high resin bed in long‐term runs, and solutions of an appreciable copper ion concentration could be produced in the cathode chamber. The process capacity was limited by significant deposition of copper at the cathode, non‐even distribution of current density, and side‐diffusion to the anode chamber. Additional tests were then carried out using a 15 mm resin bed. The more even current distributions allowed the effect of the resin stiffness and the current density on the removal yield to be thoroughly observed. Steady‐state operation of the resin bed was modelled using generalized expressions of the various transport rates. Results of the model clearly showed the significance of solid‐liquid interactions on the transport processes.  相似文献   
113.
    
A kinetic study was performed to describe the initial specific rate of multi-walled carbon nanotube synthesis by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) on a bimetallic cobalt-iron catalyst at high temperature using ethylene decomposition to solid carbon and gaseous hydrogen. The study uses a mass spectrometer that allows reaction rate to be inferred from the exhaust gas composition measurements. The aim is to obtain a better understanding of the elementary steps involved in the production of carbon nanotubes so as to derive phenomenological kinetic models in agreement with experimental data. The best models assume the elimination of the first hydrogen atom from adsorbed ethylene as rate determining step and involve a hydrogen adsorption weak enough to be neglected. It was proved that hydrogen partial pressure has no influence on initial reaction rate of carbon nanotube synthesis with the catalyst used for this study. Activation energy and ethylene adsorption enthalpy were found to be equal to around 130 and −130 kJ mol−1, respectively.  相似文献   
114.
    
The net-zero emissions building (nZEB) performance is investigated for building operation (EO) and embodied emissions in materials (EE) for Norway's cold climate. nZEB concepts for new residential and office buildings are conceived in order to understand the balance and implications between operational and embodied emissions over the building's life. The main drivers for the CO2 equivalent (CO2e) emissions are revealed for both building concepts through a detailed emissions calculation. The influence of the CO2e factor for electricity is emphasized and it is shown to have significant impact on the temporal evolution of the overall CO2e emissions balance. The results show that the criterion for zero emissions in operation is easily reached for both nZEB concepts (independent of the CO2e factor considered). Embodied emissions are significant compared to operational emissions. It was found that an overall emissions balance including both operational and embodied energy is difficult to reach and would be unobtainable in a scenario of low carbon electricity from the grid. In this particular scenario, the net balance of emissions alone is nonetheless not a sufficient performance indicator for nZEB.  相似文献   
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Georges Tziritas 《电信纪事》1981,36(11-12):585-594
Propagation over two paths dispersive channel is investigated. The time delay between the two paths is supposed stable and known. The channel is a random one following two statistical laws for the independant two paths : a Rayleigh law for the modulus of the received signal, and a uniform law for the phasis. The structure of the optimal receiver is given either for the simple detection or the transmission of binary data. The probability of instantaneous error as well as other parameters related with the quality of transmission are also evaluated.  相似文献   
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Cathodic reduction of several secondary and tertiary p-toluenesulfonamides and gem-N-disulfonamides were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis at mercury electrode in aprotic and protic dmf. In the cleavage of tertiary p-toluenesulfonamides two Faradays per mole were consummed, resulting in the formation of amine and the sulfinate ion. In the case of secondary p-toluenesulfonamides, electrochemically inactive sulfonamide anions were formed at the electrode surface by acid–base reaction between acidic substrate and electrogenerated bases. Sulfonamides anions were obtained also in the solution bulk with adding strong base and by cathodic cleavage of gem-N-disulfonamides in aprotic media. General reduction mechanisms are postulated and structure effects on the scope of the reduction are discussed for more complex sulfonamides.  相似文献   
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We present an example of practical works in design methodology for realizing digitalASIC circuit, at the graduate level in the microelectronics engineering program (ISIM) of the University of Montpellier II. This training program is illustrated by the design of a small project from specification to silicon manufacturing files, using a CMOS standard cell approach with theCAD softwares system Hilo (Genrad) and Solo 1400(ES2).  相似文献   
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