Direct View on Non-Equilibrium Heterogeneous Dynamics in Glassy Nanorods

Amorphous solids are potential candidates for room temperature applications, such as structural materials, due to their outstanding mechanical properties. For the first time, the local atomic dynamics of amorphous metallic nanorods are spatially resolved at room temperature using electron microscopy. Methodologically, quasi-equilibrium conditions are verified by two-time correlation functions. FeNiP is chosen as a suitable model system since a bamboo structure forms upon electrodeposition into nanotubular confinement, consisting of thin Fe-rich and Ni-rich amorphous layers. Therefore, the present nano-glassy structure allows studying the glass dynamics of two glassy phases at once, at the same time avoiding any preparation-related structural artifacts of the intrinsically electron-transparent samples. By comparing the local atomic mobility with the local composition and the local structural information of the glassy phases, correlations between medium-range order and time scales of heterogeneous glassy dynamics are consistently obtained.     

Template‐Confined Dewetting Process to Surface Nanopatterns: Fabrication,Structural Tunability,and Structure‐Related Properties

Metallic surface nanopatterns are prepared by a template‐confined dewetting process with multiple structural controllabilities. The morphology of the building blocks is homogeneous throughout the surface nanopatterns, as the dewetting process proceeds separately in each bowl. The features of the building units in the surface patterns are highly dependent on the annealing temperature. Importantly, the size and composition of the nanoparticles in the surface nanopatterns can be pre‐calculated and designed by manipulating the thickness of the evaporated metallic films. The heating temperature and composition of the building units influence the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and plasmonic properties, thus tuning the localized surface plasmon resonance peaks over a broad range (from visible to near infrared). The introduction of silver in the gold surface nanopatterns enhances the SERS performance dramatically. This work not only provides a powerful route to fabricate surface nanopatterns, but also supplies a platform to study the mechanism of the complicated dewetting processes of metals.     

Design of Engineered Elastomeric Substrate for Stretchable Active Devices and Sensors

In the field of flexible electronics, emerging applications require biocompatible and unobtrusive devices, which can withstand different modes of mechanical deformation and achieve low complexity in the fabrication process. Here, the fabrication of a mesa‐shaped elastomeric substrate, supporting thin‐film transistors (TFTs) and logic circuits (inverters), is reported. High‐relief structures are designed to minimize the strain experienced by the electronics, which are fabricated directly on the pillars' surface. In this design configuration, devices based on amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide can withstand different modes of deformation. Bending, stretching, and twisting experiments up to 6 mm radius, 20% uniaxial strain, and 180° global twisting, respectively, are performed to show stable electrical performance of the TFTs. Similarly, a fully integrated digital inverter is tested while stretched up to 20% elongation. As a proof of the versatility of mesa‐shaped geometry, a biocompatible and stretchable sensor for temperature mapping is also realized. Using pectin, which is a temperature‐sensitive material present in plant cells, the response of the sensor shows current modulation from 13 to 28 °C and functionality up to 15% strain. These results demonstrate the performance of highly flexible electronics for a broad variety of applications, including smart skin and health monitoring.     

Classification of rheumatoid joint inflammation based on laser imaging

We describe a classification system for a novel imaging method for arthritic finger joints. The basis of this system is a laser imaging technique which is sensitive to the optical characteristics of finger joint tissue. From the laser images acquired at baseline and follow-up, finger joints can automatically be classified according to whether the inflammatory status has improved or worsened. To perform the classification task, various linear and kernel-based systems were implemented and their performances were compared. Based on the results presented in this paper, we conclude that the laser-based imaging permits a reliable classification of pathological finger joints, making it a sensitive method for detecting arthritic changes.     

Interleaving on Parallel DSP Architectures

Today's communications systems especially in the field of wireless communications rely on many different algorithms to provide applications with constantly increasing data rates and higher quality. This development combined with the wireless channel characteristics as well as the invention of turbo codes has particularly increased the importance of interleaver algorithms. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility to exploit the hardware parallelism in order to accelerate the interleaving procedure. Based on a heuristic algorithm, the possible speedup for different interleavers as a function of the degree of parallelism of the hardware is presented. The parallelization is generic in the sense that the assumed underlying hardware is based on a parallel datapath DSP architecture and therefore provides the flexibility of software solutions.     

Semi‐Markovian modelling and performance analysis of variable rate traffic in ATM networks

Semi‐Markovian processes (SMP) serve as a versatile means to model various traffic types generated by sources or superposed from links in ATM networks. An efficient discrete time analysis method is proposed for SMP/G/1 queueing systems to evaluate ATM switches with non‐renewal input. Some basic results are derived for the autocorrelation function of semi‐Markovian processes and for the effect of state space reduction on autocorrelation, which show how to represent correlated traffic with given characteristic by an adequate SMP model of limited size. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

更小封装尺寸与更高的每瓦特性能Intel Core2 Duo 45nm理器开启嵌入式应用新领域

多核处理器为嵌入式计算应用带来巨大的性能优势.这使得具有成本效益和紧凑平台的SMP(对称多处理器)平台和运行不同操作系统的二合一混合平台的开发成为可能.现在,随着全新45nm工艺的双核处理器的到来,预示着嵌入式计算解决方案向下一阶段演进.相比65nm Intel core 2 Duo处理器,更低功耗的45nm Intel Core2 Duo SP9300处理器可以提供更快的核心速度,二级缓存增加50%、前端总线频率提升25%.     

Disturbance Attenuation in Hyperbolic 2D-systems

We consider disturbed linear 2D-systems of Fornasini–Marchesini type in the continuous time case. These systems are also named Goursat-type systems. Conditions for unique solvability of the disturbed optimal control problem with a quadratic cost functional are obtained. The disturbed or worst case optimal control guarantees to minimize the cost functional for any unknown disturbance input. In a second part then we consider a disturbance attenuation by boundary controls, i.e., by using the Goursat-data as control functions. In the 2D-case this results in two control functions acting independently on the system. We study a cooperative and a non-cooperative situation. In the cooperative situation we again obtain a disturbed optimal control problem and get conditions for existence and uniqueness of such a disturbed optimal control problem. If the action of the agents is non-cooperative we assume that it is agreed that they act on an open-loop Nash/worst-case equilibrium strategy. Sufficient conditions for the existence of such an equilibrium are obtained. Published online: April 2006     

Evaluation of MR-induced hot spots for different temporal SAR modes using a time-dependent finite difference method with explicit temperature gradient treatment

An investigation of magnetic resonance (MR)-induced hot spots in a high-resolution human model is performed, motivated by safety aspects for the use of MR tomographs. The human model is placed in an MR whole body resonator that is driven in a quadrature excitation mode. The MR-induced hot spots are studied by varying the following: (1) the temporal specific absorption rate (SAR) mode ("steady imaging", "intermittent imaging"), (2) the simulation procedure (related to given power levels or to limiting temperatures), and (3) different thermal tissue properties including temperature-independent and temperature-dependent perfusion models. Both electromagnetic and thermodynamic simulations have been performed. For the electromagnetic modeling, a commercial finite-integration theory (FIT) code is applied. For the thermodynamic modeling, a time-domain finite-difference (FD) scheme is formulated that uses an explicit treatment of temperature gradient components. This allows a flux-vector-based implementation of heat transfer boundary conditions on cubical faces. It is shown that this FD scheme significantly reduces the staircase errors at thermal boundaries that are locally sloped or curved with respect to the cubical grid elements.