Direct Determination of the Stereoisomeric Composition of Callosobruchusic Acid,the Copulation Release Pheromone of the Azuki Bean Weevil, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Callosobruchus chinensis</Emphasis> L., by the 2D-Ohrui-Akasaka Method

The stereoisomeric composition of the copulation release pheromone of the azuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis L., was determined to be R:S = 3.3–3.4:1 by the 2D-Ohrui–Akasaka method.     

Local optimal load-shedding with allowance for voltage deviation

This paper describes an optimal load-shedding method which can be applied to local buses in order to suppress voltage deviations, based on local information obtained at each bus. When a generation outage occurs, adequate amounts of loads must be shed within a few seconds in order to maintain the balance between supply and demand. This method is able to decide quickly the optimal amounts of loads to be shed after the fault. The proposed method is based on the fact that the location of the fault can be estimated exclusively from power flow deviations at local buses, measured after the outage. Because the amounts of load to be shed have constraints, it is necessary to find the optimal factors which decide the amounts of load-shedding at each bus by quadratic programming. To solve this problem we first linearize the study system. Next, in order to relate power flows to voltage deviations at each bus, the voltage sensitivity factors obtained by ac power flow calculation are evaluated. Numerical simulations with 4-machine and 9-machine power system models show the effectiveness of the proposed method. It distributes adequate loads which are almost identical to the completely optimized loads, and it produces smaller voltage deviations than the conventional method. Improved transient characteristics of voltage deviations are also demonstrated. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn 119(1): 35–44, 1997     

Experimental study of a doubly‐fed rotary frequency converter

Wind power generation using an unlimited, natural energy has been getting attention regarding environmental issues in recent years, and the installed capacity of wind power generation system is increasing at a rapid pace, resulting in deterioration of power quality especially in frequency and voltage. This fact will be a big problem in restricting large capacity of wind farms. This paper proposes a new frequency converter: rotary frequency converter (RFC) to moderate the electric output from wind generation, which is to be installed between a set of wind generators and a grid, providing a smoothed electric output, promoting the wind power generation introduction. This mainly consists of a synchronous machine and the adjustable‐speed machine. Independent controls of input/output voltage, active power, and reactive power offer electrical separation between the two networks. Experimental study of a prototype model and its characteristics, especially dynamic control, is discussed in this paper. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(4): 26–34, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20922     

Rapid start-up of a nitrifying reactor using aerobic granular sludge as seed sludge

In this study, the effectiveness of aerobic granular sludge as seed sludge for rapid start-up of nitrifying processes was investigated using a laboratory-scale continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) fed with completely inorganic wastewater which contained a high concentration of ammonia. Even when a large amount of granular biomass was inoculated in the reactor, and the characteristics of influent wastewater were abruptly changed, excess biomass washout was not observed, and biomass concentration was kept high at the start-up period due to high settling ability of the aerobic granular sludge. As a result, an ammonia removal rate immediately increased and reached more than 1.0 kg N/m(3)/d within 20 days and up to 1.8 kg N/m(3)/d on day 39. Subsequently, high rate nitritation was stably attained during 100 days. However, nitrite accumulation had been observed for 140 days before attaining complete nitrification to nitrate. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed the increase in amount of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria which existed in the outer edge of the granular sludge during the start-up period. This microbial ecological change would make it possible to attain high rate ammonia removal.     

MESFET微波放大器的稳定化方法

介绍了以 MESFET构成的微波放大器的 2种稳定化方法 ;在栅漏间或栅源间插入 RCL串联支路。分析了在这两种方法中 ,稳定化因子 K以及电路增益与 RCL参数的关系。     

Occurrence of n−5 monounsaturated fatty acids in jujube pulp lipids

The pulp lipids of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba var.inermis) fruit have been shown by chromatographic, spectrometric and chemical analyses to contain a series ofcis-monoenoic fatty acids with n−5 unsaturation as major acyl moieties. The total concentration of these n−5 fatty acids, such as 14∶1n−5, 16∶1n−5 and 18∶1n−5, ranged from 22 to 54% of total fatty acids in the pulp lipids of 11 different sources. The main component of the n−5 homologues was 16∶1n−5 in all cases. Other monoenoic acids with n−7 unsaturation, namely palmitoleic (cis-9-hexadecenoic) acid andcis-vaccenic (cis-11-octadecenoic) acid, as well as with n−9 unsaturation, namely oleic acid, were also identified. In the seed lipids of jujube fruit, none of the n−5 monoenoic acids could be detected. Thus the jujube pulp lipids are characterized by the predominance of n−5 monoenoic acid isomers.     

Regulatory Roles of the N-Terminal Intrinsically Disordered Region of Modular Src

Src, the prototype of Src family kinases (SFKs), is a modular protein consisting of SH4 (SH4) and unique (UD) domains in an N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR), and SH3, SH2, and kinase (KD) folded domains conserved among SFKs. Src functions as a pleiotropic signaling hub in proliferating and post-mitotic cells, and it is related to cancer and neurological diseases. However, its regulatory mechanism is unclear because the existing canonical model is derived from crystallographic analyses of folded constructs lacking the IDR. This work reviews nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of partially structured lipid-binding segments in the flexible UD and the fuzzy intramolecular complex (FIMC) comprising IDR and SH3 domains, which interacts with lipid membranes and proteins. Furthermore, recently determined IDR-related Src characteristics are discussed, including dimerization, SH4/KD intramolecular fastener bundling of folded domains, and the sorting of adhesive structures. Finally, the modulatory roles of IDR phosphorylation in Src activities involving the FIMC are explored. The new regulatory roles of IDRs are integrated with the canonical model to elucidate the functions of full-length Src. This review presents new aspects of Src regulation, and provides a future direction for studies on the structure and function of Src, and their implications for pathological processes.     

On the Controlling Factor of Catalyst Temperature in C_3H_8-Air Mixture

INTRODUCTIONCatalytic combushon is considered to be an effechvecombushon method for gas tUrbines to achieve lower NOxendssion levels. However, a Problem to be solved is theexcess increase of catalyst temp~ that easily causesdamage. Lindhng catalyst temperathe can be realized byallowing incomplete combushon in catalyst by combininga flame holder downstream that yields completecombushon afterWards. iiis is recognized as the mostadvantageous combushon method that meets the thermalresistance…     

Efficient conversion of allitol to D-psicose by Bacillus pallidus Y25

An efficient method for conversion of allitol to D-psicose was achieved by a resting cell reaction of Bacillus pallidus Y25 for the first time. Notably, it was possible to produce D-allose and D-altrose from allitol directly via D-psicose by prolonging the reaction time. This method was applied for the preparation of D-psicose using the extract of Itea virginica as a starting material in this study. D-Psicose which is the absolutely key precursor for the production of other six carbon sugars could be obtained as the sole product at high yield.