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991.
Masturzo S.A. Yarrison-Rice J.M. Jackson H.E. Boyd J.T. 《Nanotechnology, IEEE Transactions on》2007,6(6):622-626
Grating couplers with nanoscale periodicity have been fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates by electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching. A versatile experimental apparatus has been implemented to measure the efficiency of these gratings in coupling free-space radiation into planar waveguides. This coupling efficiency has been measured as a function of grating depth and the angle and wavelength of incident radiation. Coupling efficiencies of at least 5% and as high as 20% are demonstrated for wavelengths in the vicinity of 1550 nm and incident angles around 45deg. 相似文献
992.
H. Oesterreicher 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》2007,20(3):201-213
The degree of the isolation of the CuO2 planes (e.g. distance or bond valence to the apical coordination) has been shown by quantitative algorithms to be the major
factor in determining aspects of the doping curves. They include the magnitude of the optimal number of doped holes (hop) and the corresponding T
cop. It is shown that the roots of these phenomenological laws lie in a related structural dependence of super-exchange. The
latter is expressed in the pseudo-gap or Neel temperature of the undoped parent compound. A fruitful language can be developed
which deals with a buildup of complex quantum chemical features by bringing two holes into vicinity of a super-exchange O,
forming a “local” Cu2O7 pair. Structural considerations also dictate that stress is relieved by alternate orthogonal pair orientation. This leads
to plaid patterns with primary and secondary channels of charge. The presence of these two types of charge channels is involved
in the mechanism of superconducting charge transport. Similar structuring of doped charge into plaid patterns of “local” pairs
has been proposed for “all” high T
c superconductivity. STM now gives pictorial representation of the remnants of such an electronic crystal structure. The response
of these bond-ordering motifs to structural details is further discussed. These ideas supply organization to the manifold
experimental situation and provide opportunities for a unifying theory for high T
c superconductivity in terms of real space structuring of “local” pairs, largely on crystal-chemical principles. 相似文献
993.
J. Okabayashi M. Watanabe H. Toyao T. Yamaguchi J. Yoshino 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》2007,20(6):443-446
We have investigated the current pulse width dependence on current-driven magnetization reversal in double-barrier structures
using GaMnAs-based magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJ) in order to clarify the origin of low threshold current density for
current-driven magnetization reversal. Comparing with the case of single-barrier MTJ, the pulse-width dependence reveals that
threshold current density is reduced by double-barrier MTJ. We confirmed that the threshold current density in the order of
104 A/cm2 is estimated considering the effect of current pulse width. 相似文献
994.
Wafer-type piezoelectric transducers are effective transducers for the excitation and detection of ultrasonic Lamb waves in plate-like structures. Such transducers are, however, vulnerable to corrosion and physical damage when mounted in exposed locations. In this paper we describe an inductively coupled Lamb wave transducer that eliminates the need for direct electrical connections. Signals are coupled into and out of the transducer using two probe coils. In this paper we explore the operation of inductively coupled transducers both analytically and experimentally. Finite-element analysis is used to determine inductances and the coupling constant, and electrical circuit analysis to determine the transfer function and its dependence on the gap between the probe coils and the transducer. Experiments show that return signals of millivolt amplitude are obtained when the transducer is excited with 10-V amplitude pulses. These transducers are suitable for permanent mounting on structures to be monitored for cracks or flaws 相似文献
995.
A product line architecture is a single specification capturing the overall architecture of a series of closely related products. Its structure consists of a set of mandatory elements and a set of variation points. Whereas mandatory elements are part of the architecture of every product in the product line architecture, variation points precisely define the dimensions along which the architectures of individual products differ from each other.The increased use of product line architectures in today's software development projects poses several challenges for existing testing techniques. In this paper we discuss those challenges and discuss what we believe are opportunities for addressing them. 相似文献
996.
K M Cooper L Ribeiro P Alves V Vozikis S Tsitsamis G Alfredsson T L?vgren M Tuomola H Takalo A Iitia S S Sterk M Blokland D G Kennedy 《Food Additives & Contaminants》2003,20(9):804-812
Many zeranol immunoassay test kits cross-react with toxins formed by naturally occurring Fusarium spp. fungi, leading to false-positive screening results. This paper describes the evaluation and application of recently published, dry reagent time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays (TR-FIA) for zeranol and the toxin alpha-zearalenol. A ring test of bovine urine fortified with zeranol and/or alpha-zearalenol in four European Union National Reference Laboratories demonstrated that the TR-FIA tests were accurate and robust. The alpha-zearalenol TR-FIA satisfactorily quantified alpha-zearalenol in urine fortified at 10-30 ng ml(-1). The specificity-enhanced zeranol TR-FIA accurately quantified zeranol in the range 2-5 ng ml(-1) and gave no false-positive results in blank urine, even in the presence of 30 ng ml(-1) alpha-zearalenol. Zeranol TR-FIA specificity was demonstrated further by analysing incurred zeranol-free urine samples containing natural Fusarium spp. toxins. The TR-FIA yielded no false-positive results in the presence of up to 22 ng ml(-1) toxins. The performance of four commercially available zeranol immunoassay test kits was more variable. Three kits produced many false-positive results. One kit produced only one potential false-positive using a protocol that was longer than that of the TR-FIA. These TR-FIAs will be valuable tools to develop inspection criteria to distinguish illegal zeranol abuse from contamination arising from in vivo metabolism of Fusarium spp. toxins. 相似文献
997.
Kensinger Elizabeth A.; Shearer Deirdre K.; Locascio Joseph J.; Growdon John H.; Corkin Suzanne 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,17(2):230
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) impair working memory (WM). It is unclear, however, whether the deficits seen early in the course of these diseases are similar. To address this issue, the authors compared the performance of 22 patients with mild AD, 20 patients with early PD and without dementia, and 112 control participants on tests of inhibition, short-term memory, and 2 commonly administered tests of WM. The results suggest that although mild AD and early PD both impair WM, the deficits may be related to the interruption of different processes that contribute to WM performance. Early PD disrupted inhibitory processes, whereas mild AD did not. The WM deficits seen in patients with AD may be secondary to deficits in other cognitive capacities, including semantic memory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
998.
The operating conditions of this study are close to the typical operating conditions of flue gas desulfurization system in coal-fired power plants. The aim of this study is to investigate the absorption kinetics of SO2 and NO from simulated flue gas into an aqueous solution of acidic sodium chlorite using a bench-scale spraying column. The range of absorption rates measured in this study is between 1.91×10?11 and 9.59×10?10?mol?s?1?cm?2. The range of rate constants measured in this study is between 1.32×107 and 1.21×108?(L?mol?1)1.9?s?1, and the average rate constant is 6.16×107?(L?mol?1)1.9?s?1. The activation energy and frequency factor are 129 Kcal/mol (53.97 KJ/mol) and 6.93×1016?[(L/mol)1.9/s], respectively. 相似文献
999.
The work-hardening mechanisms in two-phase γ-titanium aluminide alloys were characterized in terms of the glide obstacles determining the velocity and slip path of dislocations,
utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations and thermodynamic-glide parameters. There was clear evidence
that short-range obstacles in the form of dislocation debris and dipoles were produced during plastic deformation at room
temperature. These dislocation obstacles contributed significantly to work hardening. The observed strong strain hardening
arose from long-range elastic dislocation interactions and the production of dipole and debris defects. The thermal stability
of these deformation-induced defects was assessed by isothermal and isochronal annealing. The results indicated that the dipole
and debris defects were relatively unstable upon annealing at moderately high temperatures, which led to significant recovery
of work hardening.
This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium entitled “Fundamentals of Structural Intermetallics,” presented
at the 2002 TMS Annual Meeting, February 21–27, 2002, in Seattle, Washington, under the auspices of the ASM and TMS Joint
Committee on Mechanical Behavior of Materials. 相似文献
1000.
G. C. Coelho J. A. Golczewski H. F. Fischmeister 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2003,34(9):1749-1758
Thermodynamical equilibria have been calculated for a wide variety of high-speed steel compositions belonging to the multicomponent
system Fe-C-W-Mo-V-Cr-Nb as well as for two series of white-cast-iron alloys containing niobium. Some temperature-concentration
diagrams for both classes of alloys are presented and calculated quantities (melting and transformation temperatures, amounts
and compositions of phases) are compared with experimental data. Good agreement between calculated and experimental information
has been obtained, with the exception of the MC phase compositions and transformation temperatures for white-cast-iron alloys
with high carbon and chromium contents. These differences can, however, be satisfactorily explained by plausible kinetic effects. 相似文献