MAKING BETTER USE OF NATURAL LIGHT WITH A LIGHT-REDIRECTING DOUBLE-GLAZING SYSTEM

The subject of the present paper is a fixed daylighting system known as the LIF light guide. The system consists of a fixed arrangement for capturing sunlight incident at various angles and re-directing it by means of an optical wave-guide which provides diffuse ceiling illumination. The light guide is generally sandwiched between two glass panes and mounted above the windows to avoid obstructing visibility. Its intended function is to furnish offices and other working areas with a uniform level of natural illumination while avoiding glare.     

Multimodel Robust Control by Fast Output Sampling-An LMI Approach

An LMI approach to robust multimodel controller design is proposed. The fast output sampling control law considered here allows in theory to realize the effect of a robust state feedback gain simultaneously for a family of linear models. In practice, there are two reasons why exact realization of state feedback may not be desirable or even impossible: poor error dynamics, and noise sensitivity due to large output feedback gains. An LMI formulation of the design problem allows to approximate a robust state feedback design by fast output sampling, in a way that closeness to the original design can be traded against reducing these deteriorating effects. The proposed method is illustrated by a multivariable design example and experimental results.     

Heat Inactivation Kinetics of Trypsin Inhibitors During High Temperature-Short Time Processing of Soymilk

Heat treatment of soymilk was studied in the conventional batch boiling process and under High Temperature-Short Time (HTST) conditions. Reduction in total trypsin inhibitor was assayed enzymatically, and individual inhibitors, the Kunitz and the Bowman-Birk inhibitor, were assayed by ELISA technique. Standard first-order reaction kinetics and thermodynamics were applicable for inactivation, and results indicated that the mechanism was not protein unfolding, because entropy changes were zero or negative. The two inhibitors were inactivated at the same rate around 137°C. Therefore, a simple first-order kinetic model which gave a good, slightly conservative estimate of residual anti-trypsin activity under HTST conditions could be established.     

MESICAR-A MEDICAL EXPERT SYSTEM INTEGRATING CAUSAL AND ASSOCIATIVE REASONING

A fundamental understanding of the anatomy of the human body is a prerequisite for the successful application of a rheumatological expert system designed for use in an outpatient setting. MESICAR incorporates extensive anatomical knowledge that provides the basis for the reasoning methods, which try to explain which structures may be the cause of visible problems of the patient. Associative relations between diseases and manifestations are combined with expressions that define conditions on the manifestations. These conditions are evaluated following the causal relations in the anatomical net. This paper concentrates on the associative and causal reasoning methods of MESICAR and their integration.     

Crystal Structure of the Microwave Dielectric Resonator Ba2Ti9O20

A single-crystal X-ray study of dibarium nonatitanate, Ba₂Ti₉O₂₀, yielded the triclinic space group P 1 with a =0.7471(1), b= 1.4081(2), c= 1.4344(2) nm, α=89.94(2)°, β= 79.43(2)°, γ= 84.45(2)°, V = 1.476 nm³ Z = 4, and D_x= 4.61 Mg/m³. A refinement of atomic coordinates and isotropic thermal parameters led to a residual of 0.03. The structure consists of hexagonally closest-packed layers of Ba and O atoms in the sequence (hch)₃. All Ti atoms reside in octahedral interstices of this closest packing. The various Ti coordination octahedra share only edges and corners with each other. One-half of the Ba atoms is twelve-coordinated by oxygen atoms, the other half is eleven-coordinated.     

Five Solar-Energy Desalination Systems

This paper gives an overview of the Solar Energy Storage Program at the Solar Energy Research Institute. The program provides research, systems analyses, and economic assessments of thermal and thermochemical energy storage and transport. Current activities include experimental research into very high temperature (above 800^°C) thermal energy storage and assessment of novel thermochemical energy storage and transport systems.

The applications for such high-temperature storage are thermochemical processes, solar thermal-electric power generation, regeneration of heat and electricity, industrial process heat, and thermally regenerative electrochemical systems.

The research results for five high-temperatuTe thermal energy storage technologies and two thermochemical systems are described.     

SIMS Analysis of Aqueous Corrosion Profiles in Soda-Lime-Silica Glass

In secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) of glasses compensation of surface charging is necessary to avoid migration of mobile ions. A charge-compensation method, involving a metal diaphragm placed on the sample surface and a rastered primary ion beam, was tested on aqueous corrosion profiles in 20Na₂O·10CaO·700SiO₂ (mol%) glass. The method was effective with both O⁻ and O₂⁺ primary ions.     

THE CHALLENGE OF DEEP MODELS,INFERENCE STRUCTURES,AND ABSTRACT TASKS

Abstract

An attempt is made to see recent developments in knowledge representation, clustered around Minsky 's theory of frames, and the more classical modeling of natural processes, originating in Newton's mechanics, in a unified perspective. Defining knowledge as homomorphic representation, we view classical models as capable of providing behavioral knowledge but lacking in capability to represent important structural knowledge and meta-knowledge. He discuss a framework, inspired by system theoretic concepts, for combining structural and behavioral representation in a form suitable for goal-directed model construction. We conclude by drawing several implications of this approach for system design, artificial intelligence, modeling, and simulation.