Medical data feature a number of characteristics that make their classification a complex task. Yet, the societal significance of the subject and the computational challenge it presents has caused the classification of medical datasets to be a popular research area. A new hybrid metaheuristic is presented for the classification task of medical datasets. The hybrid ant–bee colonies (HColonies) consists of two phases: an ant colony optimization (ACO) phase and an artificial bee colony (ABC) phase. The food sources of ABC are initialized into decision lists, constructed during the ACO phase using different subsets of the training data. The task of the ABC is to optimize the obtained decision lists. New variants of the ABC operators are proposed to suit the classification task. Results on a number of benchmark, real-world medical datasets show the usefulness of the proposed approach. Classification models obtained feature good predictive accuracy and relatively small model size. 相似文献
Dehydrofreezing process involves water partial removal before freezing. This treatment has been proposed in order to reduce the negative impacts of conventional or even accelerated freezing, especially on the textural quality of high water content fruits and vegetables. Indeed, in such cases, freezing and thawing processes result in severe damage of the integrity of product’s cell structure due to the formation of ice crystals. For this purpose, quince fruits (7?g H2O/g db) were subjected to convective air drying of 40?°C and 3m/s to reach different water content levels of 2, 1, and 0.3?g H2O/g db. Freezing profiles obtained at various freezing rates (V1, V2, and V3) for different water contents allowed the main freezing characteristics such as the Initial Freezing Temperature (IFT), the Practical Freezing time (PFt), and the Specific Freezing time (SFt) to be assessed. The impact of freezing rate was important on PFt and SFt, and more pronounced for high water contents (W between 7 and 2?g H2O/g db (dry basis)). Furthermore, IFT decreased sharply when initial sample water content decreased. Indeed, it started at ?0.8?°C for W?=?7g H2O/g db, while it reached a value of ?8.2?°C for samples of W?=?1g H2O/g db. Since convective air drying normally triggers shrinkage which causes a detrimental deformation of fruit structures, instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) treatment was used to improve the texture and enhance the whole dehydrofreezing performance and the final frozen-thawed product quality. Moreover, DIC implied a slight increase of PFt compared to untreated ones. On the other hand, quality attributes were estimated through the assessment of thawed water exudate (TWE g H2O/100?g db), color and texture (maximum puncture force as index of firmness): freezing rate and water content had great impacts on TWE. Hence, the lower the water content, the weaker the TWE. Furthermore, the TWE of the pre-dried quince (0.3?g H2O/g db) had higher value for DIC-textured samples than for the un-treated ones. Indeed, DIC-texturing leads to a well-controlled structure expansion of the cell wall. These textural changes resulted in more lixiviation of residual water. Consequently, water becomes more available, hence more releasable after thawing. Finally, the partial removal of water by air drying before freezing remarkably reduced the negative impact of freezing/thawing processes on final quince color. Decisively, the firmness of quince fruit increased with the decrease of water content level.
Abbreviations: DMC: Dry Matter Concentration (%); DIC: Instant controlled pressure drop; W: Water content dry basis (g H2O/g db); IFT: Initial Freezing Temperature (°C); PFt: Practical Freezing time (min); SFt: Specific Freezing time (min); TWE: Thawed Water Exudate (g H2O/100?g db); L, a, and b: Color coordinates; (L): The degrees of lightness; (a) and (–a): The redness (a) or greenness (?a), respectively; (b) and (?b): The yellowness (b) or blueness (?b), respectively; ΔE*ab: Total color difference; L0, a0, and b0: Color coordinates of fresh or dried quince samples; SD: Standard Deviation; ANOVA: Analysis of variances; LSD: Least Significant Differences; cp: Specific Heat of the product depending on composition (dry material and water content)(KJ/kg K); cpd: Specific Heat of the dry material (KJ/kg K); cpW: Specific Heat of water (KJ/kg K); V1: Freezing rate without insulation; V2: Freezing rate with a food stretch film insulation with thickness e2?=?3?mm and thermal conductivity λ2?=?0.17 W/m K; V3: Freezing rate with a versatile flexible insulation (Armacell) with thickness e3?=?13mm and weak thermal conductivity λ3?=?0.036 W/m K; vd: Volume of dry material of quince sample (mm3); vH2O: Volume of quince sample water (mm3); vt: Total volume of quince sample (mm3); e0: Quince sample thickness (mm); e2: Insulation thickness in the case V2; = 3?mm; ; e3: Insulation thickness in the case V3; = 13?mm; ; λ0: Quince sample conductivity (W/m K); λ2: Insulation conductivity in the case V2;?=?0.17 W/m K; ; λ3: Insulation conductivity in the case V3;?=?0.036 W/m K; λd: Conductivity of quince sample dry material (W/m K); λH2O: Conductivity of water (W/m K); λequiv: Equivalent conductivity of quince sample versus water content (W/m K); mi and mf: Weights of the frozen and thawed samples, respectively 相似文献
Several data relative to the viscosity of water-soluble polysaccharide solutions were collected from the literature and processed by different rheological models. Some relationships between the viscosity of these polymer solutions, their molecular weight and their solution concentrations, were established and their validity checked. Thus, an accurate equation correlating the viscosity and both the shear rate and the solution concentration of different water soluble polysaccharides (xanthan, hyaluronan, carboxymethylcellulose) was deduced on the basis of Cross' model which suggests two domains in which the viscosity is constant, i.e. very low and very high shear rate ranges. Then, an expression relating the zero-shear viscosity (A) and the concentration of their solutions was proposed. Finally, an alternative equation to that of Mark–Houwink correlating the molecular weight and the intrinsic viscosity of the water-soluble polysaccharides studied in this paper was found. 相似文献
Composites consisting of a fine-grained, polycrystalline zinc oxide matrix and <10 vol% coarse, rigid silicon carbide inclusions were prepared by the same mixing procedure and then compacted to produce samples with matrix densities of 0.45 and 0.68 of the theoretical. The samples were sintered under identical temperature profiles in separate experiments that employed either a constant rate of heating of 4°C/min or near isothermal heating at 735°C. The ratio of the densification rate of the composite matrix to the densification rate of the unreinforced zinc oxide was found to be independent of the initial matrix density. This ratio increased significantly with temperature in the constant-heating-rate experiments but was relatively constant in the isothermal experiments. The results indicate that microstructural coarsening may be an important mechanism for explaining the reduced sinterability of polycrystalline matrix composites. 相似文献
The most commonly used bearing couple in prosthetic hip or knee joint replacements consists of a cobalt–chrome (CoCr) metal alloy articulating against ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene. Ceramics have been used as an alternative to metal-on-polyethylene in joint replacement surgery of arthritic hips and knees since the 1970s. In prosthetic hip and knee bearings, ceramic surfaces offer a major benefit of drastically reduced wear rates and excellent long-term biocompatibility, which can increase the longevity of prosthetic hip and knee joints. This benefit is important clinically because hip and knee replacement has become a very common surgical procedure, particularly in the United States, and because these procedures are being increasingly performed in younger patients who place greater demands on the prosthetic bearings. However, ceramics are brittle and the risk of catastrophic bearing failure in vivo , while rare, is a major concern. Improvements in material quality, manufacturing methods, and implant design have resulted in a drastic reduction of the incidence of such failures, so that modern ceramic bearings are safe and reliable if used with components of proven design and durability. Future material improvements are actively being investigated to reduce the risk of ceramic-bearing failures even further. The purpose of this article is to review the structure, properties, applications, and limitations of the ceramics that have been used in orthopedic bearings, and to describe the new ceramic composite materials and surface treatments that will be available for joint replacement surgery in the near future. 相似文献
The Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem is one of the most intensively investigated scheduling problems. It requires scheduling a set of interrelated activities, while considering precedence relationships, and limited renewable resources allocation. The objective is to minimize the project duration. We propose a new destructive lower bound for this challenging ${\mathcal {NP}}$-hard problem. Starting from a previously suggested LP model, we propose several original valid inequalities that aim at tightening the model representation. These new inequalities are based on precedence constraints, incompatible activity subsets, and nonpreemption constraints. We present the results of an extensive computational study that was carried out on 2,040 benchmark instances of PSPLIB, with up to 120 activities, and that provide strong evidence that the new proposed lower bound exhibits an excellent performance. In particular, we report the improvement of the best known lower bounds of 5 instances. 相似文献