Validation of the thermomechanical microstructural model for closed-die forging

The objective of the paper is the assessment of the predictive ability of the thermomechanical-microstructural model for the closed-die forging process. The model combines the rigid-plastic flow formulation with the finite element solution of the Fourier equation with the closed-form equations describing processes of recrystallization and grain growth. Experimental validation of the mechanical and thermal components of the model is presented in earlier publications; present work focuses on the microstructural part. Experiment includes closed-die forging of the carbon-manganese steel samples and the measurements of the grain size on the cross-sections of the forgings after the deformation. Spherical samples, which involve significant inhomogeneity of the strain and the temperature fields, have been chosen for a presentation of the results.     

Rapeseed protein polyanion interactions —Turbidimetric studies in systems with phosphate-containing polyanions: phytic acid and octametaphosphate

The interaction of two main protein fractions of rapeseed —the 12 S globulin and the low-molecular albumin fraction —with two phosphate-containing polyanions —phytic acid and octametaphosphate (OMP) —has been studied using turbidimetric titration and chemical analysis after precipitation. Both proteins form insoluble complexes with the polyanions below the isoelectric point. The globulin is precipitated quantitatively by both polyanions at pH 3.0. A precipitation of more than 90% of the albumin occurs by OMP, while phytic acid precipitates only 80% of this protein at pH 3.0. Increasing amounts of polyanions over the precipitation points result in a partial solubilization of albumin-polyanion complexes. The amount of polyanions bound to the proteins increases with decreasing pH. A (1:1)-stoichiometry of phytic acid binding on the globulin has been found at pH 3.0, while the ratio of phosphate groups of OMP to basic groups of globulin is only 8.0. The maximum binding of both anions at the precipitation point amounts to 0.8 mol phosphate per mol basic groups of albumin with both polyanions at pH 3.0 using turbidimetry. An excess binding of polyanions to the globulin has been found with phytic acid at pH < 3.0 and with OMP at pH 3.0 after increasing the amount of OMP over the precipitation point.     

Silver uptake byAgaricus bisporus from an artificially enriched substrate

The champignon mushroomAgaricus bisporus was cultivated on compost (wheat and rye straw, hens' manure, gypsum, urea and peat) artificially fortified with silver nitrate added at four different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.3 mg/kg) and 0 mg/kg (control) on a dry weight basis. The method of measurement was flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry after dry ashing of the samples at 420° C and dissolving the residue in 1M nitric acid. The highest concentration of silver, reaching between 120±30–150±36 mg/kg on a dry weight basis, was observed in fruit bodies grown on the most contaminated substrate containing 10.3 mg added Ag/kg dry weight. The silver concentration in caps/stalks/whole fruit bodies ofA. bisporus was positively correlated (r=0.72; P<0.001) with an increasing level of fortification of the substrate. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of silver in caps/stalks/whole fruit bodies ofA. bisporus was inversely correlated (–0.44bisporus.

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Silberaufnahme von Champignons (Agaricus bisporus) aus künstlich angereichertem Substrat

Zusammenfassung Champignons (Agaricus bisporus) wurden auf Kompost (Weizen- und Roggenstroh, Hühnerdung, Gips, Harnstoff und Torf) gezüchtet, welcher künstlich mit Silbernitrat in vier verschiedenen Mengen-0 (Kontrolle), 0,01, 0,1, 1,0 und 10,3 mg/kg-Trockenmasse angereichert wurde. Als Meßmethode wurde die Flammen AAS verwendet nach dem trockenen Veraschen der Proben bei 420 °C und Auflösen des Rückstandes in 1 M Salpetersäure.Die größte Silberkonzentration von 12±4–14±3 mg/kg Feuchtmasse und 120±30–150±36 mg/kg Trockenmasse wurde in den Fruchtkörpern festgestellt, die auf einem 10,3 mg Ag/kg Trockenmasse enthaltendem Substrat gewachsen sind. Die Silberkonzentration in allen Teilen des Fruchtkörpers hat positiv (r=0,72; p<0,001) mit steigendem Niveau der Substratanreicherung korreliert. Der Biokonzentrationskoeffizient (BCF) von Silber in den Pilzhüten, Strünken und ganzen Fruchtkörpern zeigte eine negative Korrelation (–0,44     

Germination as a process to improve the antioxidant capacity of Lupinus angustifolius L. var. Zapaton

Antioxidant capacity, measured by glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase-like activity (SOD-like activity), peroxyl radical-trapping capacity (PRTC), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in unilamellar liposomes of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) has been evaluated in raw and germinated lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius L. var. Zapaton) for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 9 days. The content of antioxidant vitamins E and C has been also studied. The tripeptide GSH kept invariable for the first 5 days of germination and suffered a decrease of 20 and 78% after 6 and 9 days, respectively. During lupin germination, SOD-like activity increased slightly whilst PRTC doubled the amount after 9 days. TEAC values changed slightly up to 5 days of germination but after 6 and 9 days a significant increase (25 and 28%, respectively) was found. The oxidation of PC was inhibited by germinated lupin extracts and 9-day germination seeds provided the highest inhibition. Furthermore, germinated lupins provided more vitamin C, vitamin E activity and polyphenols than raw seeds, and the largest amounts of these bioactive compounds were found after 6 days of germination. Therefore, germination of lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius L. var. Zapaton) seems to be a good process to enhance their antioxidant capacity.     

Effect of calcium ions on the solubility of muscular collagen and tenderness of beef meat

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and calcium lactate on the solubility of beef collagen in raw and cooked meat. The content of total collagen, water- and acetic acid-soluble collagen and insoluble collagen was determined in beef samples. Shearing force was measured after heat treatment. It was found that calcium ions had no significant effect on the solubility of muscular collagen. An improvement in beef tenderness (27%-34%) caused by calcium ions did not result from breaking of the native structure of muscular collagen.     

Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Laminated Seams

ABSTRACT

The main goal of this article is to analyze the seam quality by influence of lamination process parameters on the strength properties of laminated seams in cotton clothing products. The seam quality index is defined by maximal force to seam rupture and relative elongation during rupture. These parameters are obtained during the delamination test and shear test. The obtained statistical equations allow to describe, predict, and optimize the seam quality versus the product requirements and seam location within the product. The obtained results suggest that the strength properties of laminated seams can be determined by means of both mentioned tests.     

Negation as failure: Careful closure procedure

The aim of this paper is a modification of Minker's Generalized Closed World Assumption that would allow application of the “negation as failure rule” with respect to a set P of (not necessarily all) predicates of a database DB. A careful closure procedure is introduced which, when applied to a database DB, produces a new database DB*, that is used to answer queries about predicates from DB. It is shown that DB* is consistent iff DB is consistent. If P is the set of all predicates from DB and DB does not contain functional symbols, then DB* coincides with Minker's GCWA. The soundness and completeness of the careful closure procedure with respect to a minimal model style semantic is shown. As an inference engine associated with DB* we propose a query evaluation procedure QEP* which is a combination of a method of splitting an indefinite database DB into a disjunction of Horn databases and Clark's query evaluation procedure QEP. Soundness of QEP* with respect to DB* is shown for a broad class of databases.     

A Language for Multi-dimensional Updates

Dynamic Logic Programming (DLP) was introduced to deal with knowledge about changing worlds, by assigning semantics to sequences of generalized logic programs, each of which represents a state of the world. These states permit the representation, not only of time, but also of specificity, strength of updating instance, hierarchical position of the knowledge source, etc. Subsequently, the Language of Updates LUPS was introduced to allow for the association, with each state, of a set of transition rules. It thereby provides for an interleaving sequence of states and transition rules within an integrated declarative framework. DLP (and LUPS), because defined only for a linear sequence of states, cannot deal simultaneously with more than a single dimension (e.g. time, hierarchies,…). To overcome this limitation, Multi-dimensional Dynamic Logic Programming (MDLP) was therefore introduced, so as to make it possible to organize states into arbitrary acyclic digraphs (DAGs). In this paper we now extend LUPS, setting forth a Language for Multi-dimensional Updates (MLUPS). MLUPS admits the specification of flexible evolutions of such DAG organized logic programs, by allowing not just the specification of the logic programs representing each state, but to the evolution of the DAG topology itself as well.     

Synthesis of Gonadoliberin,a gonadotropin releasing hormone

A simple laboratory synthesis of gonadoliberin was elaborated basing on classical solution methods and using minimal protection of side-chain functions. In the final step a hexapeptide segment was condensed with the corresponding tetrapeptide and the obtained product was purified by a single step silica gel chromatography. The total efficiency of the whole synthesis was 15%.