Development and Validation of a Measure of Display Rule Knowledge: The Display Rule Assessment Inventory.

As one component of emotion regulation, display rules, which reflect the regulation of expressive behavior, have been the topic of many studies. Despite their theoretical and empirical importance, however, to date there is no measure of display rules that assesses a full range of behavioral responses that are theoretically possible when emotion is elicited. This article reports the development of a new measure of display rules that surveys 5 expressive modes: expression, deamplification, amplification, qualification, and masking. Two studies provide evidence for its internal and temporal reliability and for its content, convergent, discriminant, external, and concurrent predictive validity. Additionally, Study 1, involving American, Russian, and Japanese participants, demonstrated predictable cultural differences on each of the expressive modes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Damage Analysis of Hanshin Expressway Viaducts during 1995 Kobe Earthquake. II: Damage Mode of Single Reinforced Concrete Piers

The damage mode that single reinforced concrete (RC) piers of the Hanshin Expressway Kobe Route suffered during the 1995 Kobe earthquake is discussed. On the Kobe Route, many single RC piers suffered from flexural mode damage; however, some suffered from shear failure, and most shear failure occurred in piers with rectangular cross sections. The flexural and shear capacity of each pier are calculated based on the design documents, and the ratio of flexure to shear capacity, r, is calculated by taking into account the mass of the pier column. It is found that the damage mode (flexure or shear) in the severely damaged single RC piers from P1 to P350 can be explained by the value of r, either >1.0 (flexural mode) or <1.0 (shear mode).     

TOF-SIMS analysis of boundary films derived from calcium sulfonates

Tribological properties of over-based and neutral calcium sulfonate were examined under boundary lubrication conditions by using a ball-on-flat type tribo-tester. It was found that over-based calcium sulfonate reduced friction and wear of steel–steel contacts, whereas the neutral calcium sulfonate did not. It was found that boundary film composed of calcium oxide plays significant role on improving the tribological properties. Surface analyses by XPS and Time-of-flight secondary mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) revealed that the major component of the film on upper surfaces is calcium carbonate and that at subsurfaces are composed of calcium oxide. A depth profile of the film obtained by TOF-SIMS using an etching technique revealed that thickness of the film is up to 240 nm. A static pyrolysis of the over-based calcium sulfonate on steel surface affords a thin film composed of calcium oxide, indicating that rubbing process is essential for the formation of the boundary film.     

Determination of dithiocarbamates and milneb residues in foods by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A highly sensitive gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method was developed for dithiocarbamates (DTCs) and milneb in foods. DTCs and milneb were extracted from foods with cysteine-EDTA solution as sodium salts, and methylated with methyl iodide. Methyl derivatives of DTCs and milneb were cleaned up on a neutral alumina mini column and determined by GC-MS. The mean recoveries of DTCs and milneb were in the range of 72-120%, except for methiram. The quantification limits were 0.01 mg/kg (as CS(2)) in foods except tea (0.1 mg/kg as CS(2)). The developed method was applied to 10 compounds (4 dimethyldithiocarbamates, 3 ethylenebisdithiocarbamates, polycarbamates, propineb and milneb).     

Development of a multilocus variable-number of tandem repeat typing method for Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains

Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains have been identified as the causative agent in many human listeriosis epidemics as well as in a considerable number of sporadic cases. Due to the genetic homogeneity of serotype 4b isolates, development of rapid subtyping methods with high discriminatory power for serotype 4b isolates is required to allow for improved outbreak detection and source tracking. In this study, multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) was developed and used to characterize 60 serotype 4b isolates from various sources. All isolates were also characterized by automated EcoRI ribotyping, single enzyme pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with ApaI, and a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme targeting six virulence and virulence-associated genes. Discriminatory power of MLVA (as determined by Simpson Index of Discrimination) was higher than the discriminatory power of any of the other three methods. MLVA markers targeted were found to be stable and did not change when three isolates were passaged daily for 70 days. Cluster analyses of MLVA, PFGE and MLST consistently grouped the same isolates into three major clusters, each of which includes one of the three major L. monocytogenes epidemic clones (i.e., ECI, ECIa and ECII). We conclude that the MLVA method described here (i) provides for more discriminatory subtyping of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b strains than the other three methods, (ii) identifies three major groups within the serotype 4b, which are consistent with the groups identified by other subtyping methods, and (iii) is easy to interpret. Use of MLVA may thus be recommended for subtyping of serotype 4b isolates, including as a secondary more discriminatory subtyping method that could be used after initial isolate characterization by PFGE or ribotyping.     

Transplantation of hepatocytes cultured on hydroxyapatite into Nagase analbuminemia rats

Rat hepatocytes were seeded in porous hydroxyapatite (HA) disks for hepatocyte transplantation to Nagase analbuminemic rat (NAR). To increase the cell density in the HA, cell suspension in the tube containing the disks were centrifuged down. The centrifugation increased the viable cell number in HA disk approximately 4-fold over the static method. The HA disks were intraperitoneally transplanted into NARs and harvested three weeks after the transplantation. Angiogenesis with no obvious inflammatory reaction was found inside the pore areas of HA. The ectopic transplantation well supported the viability of hepatocytes seeded in HA disks evidenced by significant increases in the host rats' serum albumin level as time passed after the transplantation.     

Studies of syntheses and permeabilities of special polymer membranes

Summary A new method of enzyme immobilization by a polyion complex was proposed. An enzyme immobilizing membrane was prepared by ultrafiltrating a mixture consisted of quarternized chitosan, sodium polyacrylate and invertase in an aqueous NaBr solution. The permeation and hydrolysis characteristics of aqueous sucrose solution through the invertase immobilizing membrane was studied under some conditions. A hydrolysis rate of sucrose by the invertase immobilizing membrane corresponded to the Michael is-Menten type reaction.