铜蒸气激光放大器的数值模拟

本文建立了一个铜蒸气激光放大器的简化动力学模型,数值计算了铜蒸气激光放大器的增益特性、同步特性、损耗对放大器输出功率的影响以及延时与输出光波形畸变量的关系等。计算结果与实验结果基本相符。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部上古生界三角洲沉积特征

上古生界是鄂尔多斯盆地重要的含气层系，天然气的聚集受相带的控制，其主产层均为三角洲沉积体系。通过对盆地中东部上古生界野外露头、岩心及测井曲线等的综合分析，将区内上古生界三角洲沉积体系划分为辫状河三角洲及曲流河三角洲。分析表明，研究区两类三角洲沉积在岩性、沉积构造、沉积序列、测井曲线等方面存在差异。辫状河三角洲主要发育在中二叠世下石盒子组下部盒₈、盒₉段气层组，主体为辫状河三角洲前缘亚相；曲流河三角洲主要发育在早二叠世山西组山₂段气层组，以曲流河三角洲前缘沉积为主。勘探实践表明，曲流河三角洲沉积体系对于研究区天然气的富集有着更为重要的作用。今后应重点加强对山₂段气层组曲流河三角洲沉积体系中有利储集相的寻找，同时兼顾盒₈、盒₉段气层组的辫状河三角洲沉积体系。     

用于燃气调峰和轻烃回收的管道天然气液化流程

管道天然气的长途输送一般都采用高压管输的方式，高压天然气经各地的调压站降压后才能供应给普通用户使用，调压过程中会有大量的压力能损失。为解决城市燃气用户特有的用气不均匀性问题，介绍了一种利用高压天然气调压过程的压力能膨胀制冷的管道天然气液化流程。应用该流程可以将管道里的一部分天然气液化制成LNG并储存起来，在用气高峰时将储存的LNG再汽化以增加供气量，满足下游用户的需求。这样能够增强燃气企业的“调峰”能力，有利于天然气管网的平稳运行。同时，利用该流程还可以回收天然气中的轻烃资源，为石化工业提供优质的化工原料。     

LNG冷量优化集成利用技术

我国将相继在沿海地区建成多个LNG接收站，每年将进口数以千万吨计的LNG，同时携带数着巨额冷量，而这些冷量可用于发电、空气分离、制造干冰、低温冷库等众多领域。基于国外LNG冷量利用现状，指出我国即将展开和实施此项技术还存在着：过程火用损较大，缺乏系统、全面的LNG冷量利用技术的研发指导机制，以及宏观调控力度薄弱等问题，进而提出了发展LNG冷量的集成利用方案，可为此类技术的研发利用提供新思路。以福建即将进口的LNG为例，模拟了空气分离与干冰制备的集成工艺流程，结果表明：福建每年进口的260×10⁴t LNG可以冷却290×10⁴t空气，相当于60000 m³/h的氧气制备规模，还可以生产100×10⁴t的干冰，其过程火用损较小；其剩余的高温位冷量可应用于低温冻结库或冰灯等项目，这对主体装置的实施效果和过程火用损的影响较小。该技术的优点在于可灵活控制冷却空气的液化率，基本不用冷却循环水，流程简单，设备投资少，能耗低等。     

A Substitution‐Dependent Light‐Up Fluorescence Probe for Selectively Detecting Fe3+ Ions and Its Cell Imaging Application

Deliberate design of specific and sensitive molecular probes with distinctive physical/chemical properties for analyte sensing is of great significance. Herein, by taking advantage of the position‐dependent substituent effects, an aggregation‐induced emission featured iron (III) probe from ortho‐substituted pyridinyl‐functionalized tetraphenylethylene (TPE‐o‐Py) is synthesized. It displays high sensitivity and selectivity toward iron (III) detection. The recognition arises from the position isomer of ortho‐substitution, and the fact that TPE‐o‐Py has a low acid dissociation constant (pK _a) that is close to that of hydrolyzed Fe³⁺. Importantly, TPE‐o‐Py as a light‐up fluorescence probe could be employed for Fe³⁺ sensing in living cells with a pronounced red‐shift in fluorescence emission.     

CMOS运算放大器失调电压消除设计

基于直流对称偏置技术、版图的对称布局布线和先进的CMOS工艺技术。文中设计了一种低失调电压的高性能运算放大器。测试结果表明,在负载电容100 pF和电阻10 kΩ的情况下,最大失调电压＜2 mV;开环增益为98 dB;单位增益带宽达到10.4 MHz;相位裕度为55°;电源抑制比为-87 dB。该电路可广泛用于高性能数模混合电路、高性能模拟、计算、控制等系统中。     

Ligand‐Free Synthesis of Aluminum‐Doped Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals and their Use as Optical Spacers in Color‐Tuned Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells

The color of polymer solar cells using an opaque electrode is given by the reflected light, which depends on the composition and thickness of each layer of the device. Metal‐oxide‐based optical spacers are intensively studied in polymer solar cells aiming to optimize the light absorption. However, the low conductivity of materials such as ZnO and TiO₂ limits the thickness of such optical spacers to tenths of nanometers. A novel synthesis route of cluster‐free Al‐doped ZnO (AZO) nanocrystals (NCs) is presented for solution processing of highly conductive layers without the need of temperature annealing, including thick optical spacers on top of polymer blends. The processing of 80 nm thick optical spacers based on AZO nanocrystal solutions on top of 200 nm thick polymer blend layer is demonstrated leading to improved photocurrent density of 17% compared to solar cells using standard active layers of 90 nm in combination with thin ZnO‐based optical spacers. These AZO NCs also open new opportunities for the processing of high‐efficiency color tuned solar cells. For the first time, it is shown that applying solution‐processed thick optical spacer with polymer blends of different thicknesses can process solar cells of similar efficiency over 7% but of different colors.     

Isotropic Holographic Metasurfaces for Dual‐Functional Radiations without Mutual Interferences

The dual‐functional and/or multifunctional devices have huge fascinations and prospects to conveniently integrate complex systems with low costs. However, most of such devices are based on anisotropic media or anisotropic structures. Here, a new method is proposed to design planar dual‐functional devices using an isotropic holographic metasurface, in which two different functions are written on the same holographic interference pattern with no mutual coupling. When the metasurface is excited by two orthogonally ported sources, the corresponding dual functions can be controlled by the object waves, which are not affected by each other due to suppression of mutual interference. The proposed metasurface is composed of subwavelength‐scale isotropic metallic patches on a grounded dielectric. In this specific design, double‐beam and double‐polarization radiate devices are realized independently by the orthogonal excitations. Based on the theoretical analysis, scanning radiate beams that are only controlled by frequency with different performances under orthogonal polarizations are demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time for actualizing dual‐functional devices using isotropic textures. Full‐wave simulations and experimental results in the microwave frequencies are presented to validate the proposed theory and confirm the corresponding physical phenomena.     

Synthesis of Imidazole‐Based AIEgens with Wide Color Tunability and Exploration of their Biological Applications

Research on aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) has become increasingly popular recently and various AIE luminogens (AIEgens) have been developed based on tetraphenylethene, hexaphenylsilole, distyrylanthracene, tetraphenylpyrazine, etc. However, facile tuning of the AIEgen emissions in a wide range remains challenging. Herein, a novel series of AIEgens is reported, based on imidazole‐cored molecular rotors, with facile synthesis and emission colors covering the whole visible spectrum. Moreover, these imidazole derivatives exhibit biological functions unique among the AIEgens, including mitochondria‐specific imaging and antifungal activity. Benefiting from the easy preparation and the tunable emission, the imidazole derivatives are expected to not only diversify the family of AIEgens but also enrich their biological applications.