工业冷却系统近零排放水处理技术的开发和应用

介绍了工业冷却系统节水及废水近零排放水处理技术及复合药剂TS-50921的研制、实验评定和现场应用,在高硬度高含盐量循环水中,钙硬度达到1 000 mg/L、电导率达到4 000 μS/cm的条件下,可保证腐蚀速率和沉积速率符合国标的要求,对循环水高度浓缩后产生的浊度和铁胶体分散性能优异,可以显著降低新鲜水补用量、减少...     

臭氧/活性炭组合工艺降解甲基红印染废水的试验研究

文章采用臭氧/活性炭组合工艺对甲基红印染废水进行降解试验,考察了甲基红废水的pH、活性炭投加量、温度和臭氧流量等参数对印染废水色度和CODCr去除率的影响,确定了臭氧/活性炭组合工艺降解甲基红印染废水的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,在pH为3.5,温度为25℃,活性炭投加量为120 mg/L,臭氧流量为0.83 L/min,初始浓度为10 mg/L的条件下降解10 min,臭氧/活性炭组合工艺对甲基红废水的脱色率达到97.4%,CODCr去除率达到85.2%。该组合工艺能有效地去除印染废水的色度和CODCr,使出水水质达到处理标准。     

Tailoring of chiroptical properties of substituted polyanilines by controlling steric hindrance

Optically active polyorthoanisidine, polyorthotoluidine, polyorthoethylaniline and polyorthochloroaniline were synthesized with chemical polymerization of corresponding monomers in aqueous medium by using d- or l-camphorsulfonic acid (d- or l-CSA) as chiral dopant, ammonium persulfate as oxidant, and diaminodiphenylamine as initiator. By circular dichroism spectroscopic measurements, it was found that PANI exhibited generally a reversed chirality in comparison with the used chiral dopant, but the substituted PANIs had the same one as the chiral dopant. This revealed that the substituent at ortho position caused helical inversion of conformation in comparison with the parent PANI. Such effect was further confirmed by the influence of the copolymerization of aniline and its derivatives on the chirality of the copolymers. The effect of the substituent on the chirality of the copolymers was increased with the increase of the steric hindrance of the ortho substituent. A mechanism was proposed to explain the effects of steric hindrance on the chirality of PANIs. The clarified relationship between the steric hindrance and the chirality of the polymer can enable us to tailor the chiroptical properties of functional polymer materials for future application.     

花生粕制备活性肽复合工艺研究

利用木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶水解花生粕提取花生蛋白。研究了温度、粕水比、提取时间对多糖提取率的影响,确定最佳提糖条件为温度80℃、粕水比1：25、提取时间1h。通过正交实验研究了加酶量、液固比、水解时间对蛋白质提取率的影响。确定最佳工艺参数为加酶量3％、粕水比1：25、水解时间2h,在此条件下,蛋白质转化率为80％。最终先去糖再酶解复合工艺蛋白收率为60％,相对分子量1000Da以下的活性肽占87％。     

胺与甲酸氮甲酰化反应催化剂的研究

氮甲酰化反应是有机合成化学中的重要反应,而催化剂的选择是氮甲酰化反应的关键所在。文章综述了无机氧化物,聚合物PEG-400,Lewis酸,树脂AmberliteIR-120,无机盐。VBl催化合成氮甲酰化产物的研究成果。不同的催化剂在活性、选择性、稳定性等方面各有特点,其中绿色高效可回收利用的催化剂是该领域的主要研究方向。     

Branched and curved nanotubular polyaniline synthesized by emulsion polymerization in presence of zinc salts of n-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid

The presence of zinc salts of DBSA (n-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid), designated as Zn(DBSA)₂, induced some branches and curvature of the resultant polyaniline nanotubes. These branched or curved nanotubes can be clearly seen from their SEM and TEM micrographs taken for various polyaniline nanotubes prepared in the presence of Zn(DBSA)₂. For branched or curved polyaniline nanotubes, the conjugation chain length can be monitored by the position of their λ_maxs in the UV-Vis-NIR spectra.     

组合填料曝气生物滤池处理受污地表水的研究

采用陶粒-沸石-活性炭组合填料曝气生物滤池,对受污地表水体的处理效能进行了研究,考察了气水比和水力负荷对曝气生物滤池处理效果的影响.结果表明,气水比、水力负荷对COD的去除效果影响较大,而对氨氮含量和浊度的去除效果影响很小;在气水体积比为2:1、水力负荷为0.382 m3· m-2·h-1、温度为16～31℃的条件下,组合填料曝气生物滤池具有较好处理效果,出水CODMn和氨氮的质量浓度分别在2 mg·L-1和0.15 mg·L-1以下.     

多巯基水性EP低温固化剂的制备及性能研究

首先制备了PUD-SH[多巯基封端的PU(聚氨酯)水分散体]和水性EP(环氧树脂),然后将两者按n(巯基)∶n(环氧基)=1∶1复合,并在不同温度时成膜,制得厚度约100μm的复合固化涂层。研究结果表明:PUD-SH和水性EP之间发生了环氧基开环反应,固化后复合涂层透明柔韧,其凝胶量接近100%,涂层的吸水率<17.50%,硬度>6H,耐甲乙酮擦拭次数>1 600次;固化时叔胺促进剂的存在可有效提高复合固化涂层的固化度,缩短其固化时间,但对其他性能影响甚微。     

ZnO和CuO烧结助剂对KNN压电陶瓷性能的影响

以微波水热法制备的KNN粉体为原料,添加1mol%ZnO、1mol%CuO烧结助剂,采用传统电子陶瓷制备方法,研究了烧结助剂对KNN陶瓷的陶瓷体积密度、显微结构和电性能的影响,结果表明:添加烧结助剂ZnO和CuO可以降低KNN陶瓷的烧结温度,提高KNN陶瓷的体积密度;与此同时,ZnO和CuO添加后降低了KNN无铅压电陶瓷的压电常数d33、介电常数ε33T/ε0,但机械品质因数Qm得到很大的提高,介电损耗tanδ明显降低。其中CuO烧结助剂可以使KNN陶瓷的d33由142 pC/N降低至118 pC/N,Qm值由82提高至427,tanδ由2.46%降低至0.64%。     

Comparative study on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of phosphorus- and silicon-containing epoxy resin composites

Epoxy composites containing phosphorus and/or silicon were prepared using polyphenylmethoxysilicone (PPMS) and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MFAPP) as modifiers. Siliconized epoxy copolymer (EPMS) was obtained via the polycondensation of PPMS and diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A (DGEBA) type epoxy resin. Then MFAPP was added into EPMS or DGEBA based hybrids respectively to improve their flame retardancy further. Thermal and flame retardant properties of EPMS/MFAPP and DGEBA/MFAPP composites were evaluated by Limited Oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The higher LOI value and UL-94 rating confirmed that MFAPP was an effective flame retardant in DGEBA compared with EPMS. A remarkable synergistic effect of phosphorus and silicon on flame retardation of EPMS/MFAPP was not observed. The reason was that the flame retardancy of epoxy composites containing phosphorus was based on solid phase. FTIR spectra of the char residue showed that when MFAPP was added, without sufficient O-H groups in EPMS/MFAPP, an effective insulative layer which protects underlying materials can’t form during combustion.