Surgical management of congenital high vaginal atresia

In the past 15 years five neonates and children have been treated for high vaginal atresia at the Surgical Unit of Department of Pediatrics, University Medical School, Pécs, Hungary. In three of the six patients distal atresia of the vagina was found (Type III). Two of the three were neonates and had a large hydrometrocolpos and the third, a 13-year-old girl, hematometrocolpos. In the fourth patient the vaginal atresia was associated with cloacal and anorectal malformation (Type V). In the fifth there was a duplication of uterus and vagina; however, only one of the two vaginas was atretic. In three patients a pull-through of the vagina was carried out, in one of them according to Pena, in another a transvesical approach, as suggested by Monfort, was used. Following repeated surgeries in the patient with cloacal malformation the vagina was replaced with large intestine. In the case of duplication of vagina and uterus one half of the duplication was removed.     

Relative sedimentation of hematopoietic progenitors in human cord blood, peripheral blood, and bone marrow as determined by counterflow centrifugal elutriation

OBJECTIVE: Although there have been many studies of the outcome of anorexia nervosa, methodological weaknesses limit their interpretation. The authors used a case-control design to try to improve knowledge about the outcome of anorexia nervosa. METHOD: All new female patients referred to an eating disorders service between Jan. 1, 1981, and Dec. 31, 1984, who had probable or definite anorexia nervosa were eligible for inclusion. Of these women, 86.4% (N = 70) were located and agreed to participate. The comparison group (N = 98) was a random community sample. All subjects were interviewed with a structured diagnostic instrument. RESULTS: A minority of the patients (10%) continued to meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa a mean of 12 years after initial referral. Even among those who no longer met these criteria, relatively low body weight and cognitive features characteristic of anorexia nervosa (perfectionism and cognitive restraint) persisted. The rates of lifetime comorbid major depression, alcohol dependence, and a number of anxiety disorders were very high. CONCLUSIONS: In the managed care/brief treatment era, therapeutic approaches with an excessive focus on weight gain that neglect the detection and treatment of associated psychological features and comorbidity may be inappropriate. Anorexia nervosa is a serious psychiatric disorder with substantial morbidity.     

Optical properties of evaporated Ge20Se80−x Tl x thin films

Chalcogenide glasses with composition Ge₂₀Se_80–x Tl _x (x=10, 15, 20, 25, 35%) have been prepared by the usual melt-quenching technique. Thin films of the mentioned compositions have been prepared by the electron beam evaporation. In addition, another set taken from the composition ofX=30 at % with different thicknesses (d=14.7, 30.0, 56.5, 70.0, 101.0, 180.0 nm) have been taken into consideration. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the amorphous nature of the prepared films. It was found that, in contrast to the optical gap (E _op), both the extent of the band tailing (B), and the band gap (E _e) increase with increasing thallium content. In other side,E _op showed thickness independency. The refractive index (n) showed obvious dependence on both composition and thickness also on the energy of the incident radiation.     

Thermal design method of bayonet-tube evaporators and condensers

The paper describes an effectiveness-NTU design method of bayonet-tube evaporators and condensers. Including the effect of the wall superheat on the shell-side film coefficient, and using an energy balance on the tube, differential equations for the steady-state fluid temperatures are formulated. Because of the nonlinear nature of the governing equations, the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is employed to the solution of the finite difference equations. The results are iterated with the combination of integration techniques. An upper bound to the numerical error being ±5% the fluid temperature distribution as well as the exchanger effectiveness are determined, and presented as a function of the Hurd number, the number of heat transfer units and the flow arrangement. For flow entering through the inner tube, the temperature distribution displays the occurrence of a minimum at a point other than the tube-tip of the exchanger. In an extension of the analysis, an effort is made to illustrate the deviation of the results obtained by uniform film coefficient from the present study, and the differences are outlined.     

Comparison of Markov model and fault tree approach in determining initiating event frequency for systems with two train configurations

This study explores the use of Markov models in some areas of systems analysis in which time evolution of the system may be a significant factor in influencing the system reliability or availability. Comparisons are made between the Markov models and the time-averaged fault tree models for determining support system failure initiating event frequency in a nuclear power plant, for both power and shutdown conditions. Factors affecting consistency between the fault tree approach and the Markov model approach are studied for systems with common two train configurations. A correlation is developed to estimate the ratio between initiator frequencies through both approaches for a two parallel component system. Insights are developed as to when time averaged and simplified fault tree models support a good approximation to the more rigorous time-dependent Markov models.     

Scan performance of infinite arrays of microstrip patch elementsloaded with varactor diodes

The analysis and scanning characteristics of an infinite array of rectangular microstrip patches each loaded with a varactor diode is presented. The analysis is based on full-wave moment method theory and uses attachment modes to accurately model the current through the feed and the diode. The effect of the biased varactor diode on the scan performance is presented, and it is shown that the impedance mismatch caused by a scan blindness can be eliminated. Other characteristics are also given such as: the active element gain, the efficiency of each loaded microstrip element, and the level of cross polarization generated by the loading of the patch. The effect of the diode biasing level as well as the position of the diode on each radiating element on these scan characteristics is also considered     

Detection of Discordant Content Uniformity Observations and Compendial Compliance

A discordant observation is a data point whose value is drastically different from that of the rest of the members in the data set. In the context of content uniformity experiments, however, a discordant observation arises in two ways: (i) when the value of an observation is markedly distant from that of the other data points even though it is within the required compendial range, and (ii) when the value of an observation is outside the permissible compendial range. Several statistical tests for detecting one or more discordant observations are presented. Since discordancy distorts the symmetricity of the data, several tests of symmetricity are provided. Tests for detection of group discordancy induced by discordant samples are also included. The compendial requirements are explained in statistical terms. The impact of discordant observations on compendial compliance requirements is assessed. The statistical basis of the construction of compendial limits as well as the assumptions implicit in the construction is elaborated. The results of the statistical analysis of three content uniformity studies are appropriately interpreted.